{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:32:28Z","timestamp":1792002748269,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-019-02199-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T06:02:52Z","timestamp":1574748172000},"page":"149-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Postmortem interval determination using mRNA markers and DNA normalization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Duo","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meili","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"ShengQiu","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8487-3575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weibo","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2199_CR1","first-page":"377","volume":"58","author":"S Hostiuc","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hostiuc S, Rusu MC, Manoiu VS, Vrapciu AD, Negoi I, Popescu MV (2017) Usefulness of ultrastructure studies for the estimation of the postmortem interval. A systematic review. Rom J Morphol Embryol 58(2):377\u2013384","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2199_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-018-1920-7","volume":"133","author":"Navneet Ateriya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ateriya N, Saraf A, Shekhawat RS, Meshram VP (2018) The development of a post-mortem interval estimation for human remains found on land in the Netherlands, yet some facts need further exploration. Int J Legal Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-018-1920-7","journal-title":"International Journal of Legal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2199_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.05.017","volume":"165","author":"C Henssge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Henssge C, Madea B (2007) Estimation of the time since death. Forensic Sci Int 165(2):182\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.05.017","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2199_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-016-9776-y","volume":"12","author":"Burkhard Madea","year":"2016","unstructured":"Madea B (2016) Methods for determining time of death. Forensic Sci Med Pat 12 (4):451\u2013485","journal-title":"Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2199_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-016-1438-9","volume":"130","author":"M Van den Berge","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van den Berge M, Wiskerke D, Gerretsen RR, Tabak J, Sijen T (2016) DNA and RNA profiling of excavated human remains with varying postmortem intervals. Int J Legal Med 130(6):1471\u20131480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-016-1438-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2199_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2003.08.001","volume":"5","author":"M Bauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bauer M, Gramlich I, Polzin S, Patzelt D (2003) Quantification of mRNA degradation as possible indicator of postmortem interval\u2014a pilot study. Legal Med 5(4):220\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.legalmed.2003.08.001","journal-title":"Legal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2199_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-015-1295-y","volume":"130","author":"VS Poor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poor VS, Lukacs D, Nagy T, Racz E, Sipos K (2016) The rate of RNA degradation in human dental pulp reveals post-mortem interval. Int J Legal Med 130(3):615\u2013619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-015-1295-y","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2199_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-010-9210-8","volume":"12","author":"AC Birdsill","year":"2011","unstructured":"Birdsill AC, Walker DG, Lue L, Sue LI, Beach TG (2011) Postmortem interval effect on RNA and gene expression in human brain tissue. Cell Tissue Bank 12(4):311\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10561-010-9210-8","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank"},{"issue":"1","key":"2199_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-016-9827-4","volume":"13","author":"Ye-Hui Lv","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lv YH, Ma JL, Pan H, Zeng Y, Tao L, Zhang H, Li WC, Ma KJ, Chen L (2017) Estimation of the human postmortem interval using an established rat mathematical model and multi-RNA markers. Forensic Sci Med Pat 13 (1):20\u201327","journal-title":"Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology"},{"key":"2199_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2016.08.015","volume":"44","author":"YH Lv","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lv YH, Ma JL, Pan H, Zhang H, Li WC, Xue AM, Wang HJ, Ma KJ, Chen L (2016) RNA degradation as described by a mathematical model for postmortem interval determination. J Forensic Legal Med 44:43\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2016.08.015","journal-title":"J Forensic Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2199_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-006-0131-9","volume":"121","author":"M Heinrich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heinrich M, Matt K, Lutz-Bonengel S, Schmidt U (2007) Successful RNA extraction from various human postmortem tissues. Int J Legal Med 121(2):136\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-006-0131-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2199_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.04.052","volume":"459","author":"P Sethi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sethi P, Lukiw WJ (2009) Micro-RNA abundance and stability in human brain: specific alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease temporal lobe neocortex. Neurosci Lett 459(2):100\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.04.052","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"2199_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2014.03.001","volume":"54","author":"WC Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li WC, Ma KJ, Lv YH, Zhang P, Pan H, Zhang H, Wang HJ, Ma D, Chen L (2014) Postmortem interval determination using 18S-rRNA and microRNA. Sci Justice 54(4):307\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scijus.2014.03.001","journal-title":"Sci Justice"},{"issue":"6","key":"2199_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12800","volume":"232","author":"P Fais","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fais P, Mazzotti MC, Teti G, Boscolo-Berto R, Pelotti S, Falconi M (2018) HIF1alpha protein and mRNA expression as a new marker for post mortem interval estimation in human gingival tissue. J Anat 232(6):1031\u20131037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12800","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2199_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigss.2013.10.136","volume":"4","author":"W Deng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deng W, Lv M, Wang L, Bai P, Liang W, Zhang L (2013) mRNA degradation pattern analysis in post-mortem normalized using the DNA. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 4 (1):e266-e267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsigss.2013.10.136","journal-title":"Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series"},{"issue":"2","key":"2199_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-018-9973-y","volume":"14","author":"Chunyan Tu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tu CY, Du TS, Shao CC, Liu ZJ, Li LL, Shen YW (2018) Evaluating the potential of housekeeping genes, rRNAs, snRNAs, microRNAs and circRNAs as reference genes for the estimation of PMI. Forensic Sci Med Pat 14 (2):194\u2013201","journal-title":"Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2199_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-012-9885-2","volume":"80","author":"Fuliang Xie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xie F, Xiao P, Chen D, Xu L, Zhang B (2012) miRDeepFinder: a miRNA analysis tool for deep sequencing of plant small RNAs. Plant Mol Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11103-012-9885-2","journal-title":"Plant Molecular Biology"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2199_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(02)00352-3","volume":"130","author":"H Inoue","year":"2002","unstructured":"Inoue H, Kimura A, Tuji T (2002) Degradation profile of mRNA in a dead rat body: basic semi-quantification study. Forensic Sci Int 130(2-3):127\u2013132","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"2199_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2018.09.004","volume":"35","author":"Li Tao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tao L, Ma JL, Han LJ, Xu HM, Zeng Y, Yehui L, Li WC, Ma KJ, Xiao B, Chen L (2018) Early postmortem interval estimation based on Cdc25b mRNA in rat cardiac tissue. Legal Med-Tokyo 35:18\u201324","journal-title":"Legal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2199_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400476","volume":"6","author":"AG Porter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Porter AG, Janicke RU (1999) Emerging roles of caspase-3 in apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 6(2):99\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400476","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2199_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1118","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00487.2018","volume":"316","author":"K Suresh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suresh K, Carino K, Johnston L, Servinsky L, Machamer CE, Kolb TM, Lam H, Dudek SM, An SS, Rane MJ, Shimoda LA, Damarla M (2019) A nonapoptotic endothelial barrier-protective role for caspase-3. Am J Phys Lung Cell Mol Phys 316(6):L1118\u2013L1126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajplung.00487.2018","journal-title":"Am J Phys Lung Cell Mol Phys"},{"key":"2199_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.250","volume":"4","author":"K Boland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boland K, Flanagan L, Prehn JH (2013) Paracrine control of tissue regeneration and cell proliferation by Caspase-3. Cell Death Dis 4:e725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cddis.2013.250","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"2199_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-9-230","volume":"9","author":"SV Kuchipudi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuchipudi SV, Tellabati M, Nelli RK, White GA, Perez BB, Sebastian S, Slomka MJ, Brookes SM, Brown IH, Dunham SP, Chang K-C (2012) 18S rRNA is a reliable normalisation gene for real time PCR based on influenza virus infected cells. Virol J 9:230\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1743-422X-9-230","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2199_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.05.004","volume":"26","author":"NL Downes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Downes NL, Laham-Karam N, Kaikkonen MU, Yla-Herttuala S (2018) Differential but complementary HIF1alpha and HIF2alpha transcriptional regulation. Mol Ther 26(7):1735\u20131745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymthe.2018.05.004","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"2199_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.020","volume":"27","author":"J Sim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sim J, Cowburn AS, Palazon A, Madhu B, Tyrakis PA, Macias D, Bargiela DM, Pietsch S, Gralla M, Evans CE, Kittipassorn T, Chey YCJ, Branco CM, Rundqvist H, Peet DJ, Johnson RS (2018) The factor inhibiting HIF asparaginyl hydroxylase regulates oxidative metabolism and accelerates metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Cell Metab 27(4):898\u2013913 e897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.02.020","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2199_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.2210","volume":"44","author":"Z Guan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guan Z, Ding C, Du Y, Zhang K, Zhu JN, Zhang T, He D, Xu S, Wang X, Fan J (2014) HAF drives the switch of HIF-1alpha to HIF-2alpha by activating the NF-kappaB pathway, leading to malignant behavior of T24 bladder cancer cells. Int J Oncol 44(2):393\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijo.2013.2210","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"2199_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163 e161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.03.035","volume":"229","author":"ST Young","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young ST, Wells JD, Hobbs GR, Bishop CP (2013) Estimating postmortem interval using RNA degradation and morphological changes in tooth pulp. Forensic Sci Int 229(1-3):163 e161\u2013163 e166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.03.035","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2199_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000337","volume":"38","author":"MM Ali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ali MM, Ibrahim SF, Fayed AA (2017) Using skin gene markers for estimating early postmortem interval at different temperatures. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 38(4):323\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000337","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2199_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2017.4039","volume":"51","author":"YH Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park YH, Seo JH, Park JH, Lee HS, Kim KW (2017) Hsp70 acetylation prevents caspase-dependent\/independent apoptosis and autophagic cell death in cancer cells. Int J Oncol 51(2):573\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijo.2017.4039","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2199_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2017.0099","volume":"16","author":"Kimberly White","year":"2018","unstructured":"White K, Yang PX, Li L, Farshori A, Medina AE, Zielke HR (2018) Effect of Postmortem Interval and Years in Storage on RNA Quality of Tissue at a Repository of the NIH NeuroBioBank. Biopreserv Biobank 16 (2):148\u2013157","journal-title":"Biopreservation and Biobanking"},{"issue":"2","key":"2199_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000146","volume":"36","author":"T Williams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams T, Soni S, White J, Can G, Javan GT (2015) Evaluation of DNA degradation using flow cytometry: promising tool for postmortem interval determination. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 36(2):104\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAF.0000000000000146","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-019-02199-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-019-02199-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-019-02199-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T00:43:46Z","timestamp":1606265026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-019-02199-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-019-02199-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The experimental procedures and the animal use and care protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of Sichuan University and Experimental Animal Care and Use Committee of Sichuan University, China.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}