{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:48:56Z","timestamp":1790304536632,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02268-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T04:03:58Z","timestamp":1583208238000},"page":"1003-1006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Death of an apprentice bodybuilder following 2,4-dinitrophenol and clenbuterol intake"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6594-5855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L","family":"Dufayet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Gorgiard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Vayssette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JP","family":"Barbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Hoizey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Ludes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2268_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.164","volume":"154","author":"E Davis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davis E, Loiacono R, Summers RJ (2008 Jun) The rush to adrenaline: drugs in sport acting on the \u03b2-adrenergic system. Br J Pharmacol 154(3):584\u2013597","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2268_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.05.021","volume":"165","author":"FT Peters","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peters FT, Drummer OH, Musshoff F (2007 Jan 17) Validation of new methods. Forensic Sci Int 165(2\u20133):216\u2013224","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2268_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06264","volume":"187","author":"F Labrie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Labrie F, Luu-The V, B\u00e9langer A, Lin S-X, Simard J, Pelletier G, Labrie C (2005 Nov) Is dehydroepiandrosterone a hormone? J Endocrinol 187(2):169\u2013196","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2268_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-017-1514-z","volume":"59","author":"K Collomp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Collomp K, Buisson C, Gravisse N, Belgherbi S, Labsy Z, Do M-C, Gagey O, Dufay S, Vibarel-Rebot N, Audran M (2018 Mar) Effects of short-term DHEA intake on hormonal responses in young recreationally trained athletes: modulation by gender. Endocrine. 59(3):538\u2013546","journal-title":"Endocrine."},{"issue":"3","key":"2268_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.2241","volume":"10","author":"S Albeiroti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albeiroti S, Ahrens BD, Sobolevskii T, Butch AW (2018 Mar) The influence of small doses of ethanol on the urinary testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in men and women. Drug Test Anal 10(3):575\u2013583","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"issue":"6","key":"2268_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2010.01.019","volume":"75","author":"JF Yarrow","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yarrow JF, McCoy SC, Borst SE (2010 Jun) Tissue selectivity and potential clinical applications of trenbolone (17\u03b2-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one): a potent anabolic steroid with reduced androgenic and estrogenic activity. Steroids. 75(6):377\u2013389","journal-title":"Steroids."},{"issue":"4","key":"2268_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1552-3","volume":"131","author":"N Fabresse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fabresse N, Grassin-Delyle S, Etting I, Alvarez J-C (2017 Jul) Detection and quantification of 12 anabolic steroids and analogs in human whole blood and 20 in hair using LC-HRMS\/MS: application to real cases. Int J Legal Med 131(4):989\u2013999","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2268_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102008","volume":"38","author":"RJ Hamilton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hamilton RJ, Perrone J, Hoffman R, Henretig FM, Karkevandian EH, Marcus S, Shih RD, Blok B, Nordenholz K (2000) A descriptive study of an epidemic of poisoning caused by heroin adulterated with scopolamine. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 38(6):597\u2013608","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"2268_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"M Waight","year":"2016","unstructured":"Waight M, McGuinness W (2016 Apr) Case of low dose clenbuterol toxicity. BMJ Case Rep. 15:1\u20133","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"2268_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199808000-00019","volume":"91","author":"DR Goldstein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goldstein DR, Dobbs T, Krull B, Plumb VJ (1998 Aug) Clenbuterol and anabolic steroids: a previously unreported cause of myocardial infarction with normal coronary arteriograms. South Med J 91(8):780\u2013784","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2268_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jccase.2013.07.004","volume":"8","author":"AR Barry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barry AR, Graham MM (2013 Oct) Case report and review of clenbuterol cardiac toxicity. J Cardiol Cases 8(4):131\u2013133","journal-title":"J Cardiol Cases"},{"issue":"3","key":"2268_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2013.772083","volume":"34","author":"HA Spiller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spiller HA, James KJ, Scholzen S, Borys DJ (2013) A descriptive study of adverse events from clenbuterol misuse and abuse for weight loss and bodybuilding. Subst Abuse 34(3):306\u2013312","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"issue":"10","key":"2268_CR13","first-page":"18744","volume":"8","author":"Y-G Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Y-G, Song L-X, Jiang N, Xu X-T, Di X-H, Zhang M (2015) Pharmacokinetics of ambroxol and clenbuterol tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. Int J Clin Exp Med 8(10):18744\u201318750","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2268_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schechter E, Hoffman RS, Stajic M, McGee MP, Cuevas S, Tarabar A. Pulmonary edema and respiratory failure associated with clenbuterol exposure. Am J Emerg Med. 2007 Jul;25(6):735.e1\u20133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2006.12.022"},{"issue":"2","key":"2268_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2008.069401","volume":"27","author":"J Bartlett","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bartlett J, Brunner M, Gough K (2010 Feb 1) Deliberate poisoning with dinitrophenol (DNP): an unlicensed weight loss pill. Emerg Med J 27(2):159\u2013160","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2268_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-011-0162-6","volume":"7","author":"J Grundlingh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grundlingh J, Dargan PI, El-Zanfaly M, Wood DM (2011 Sep) 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP): a weight loss agent with significant acute toxicity and risk of death. J Med Toxicol 7(3):205\u2013212","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"2268_CR17","unstructured":"Hsiao AL, Santucci KA, Seo-Mayer P, Mariappan MR, Hodsdon ME, Banasiak KJ, et al. Pediatric fatality following ingestion of dinitrophenol: postmortem identification of a \u201cdietary supplement.\u201d Clin Toxicol Phila 2005;43(4):281\u2013285"},{"issue":"3","key":"2268_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/30.3.219","volume":"30","author":"EJ Miranda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miranda EJ, McIntyre IM, Parker DR, Gary RD, Logan BK (2006 Apr) Two deaths attributed to the use of 2,4-dinitrophenol. J Anal Toxicol 30(3):219\u2013222","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2268_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-016-1378-4","volume":"130","author":"F Zack","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zack F, Blaas V, Goos C, Rentsch D, B\u00fcttner A (2016 Sep) Death within 44 days of 2,4-dinitrophenol intake. Int J Legal Med 130(5):1237\u20131241","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"2268_CR20","first-page":"2016","volume":"4","author":"A Holborow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holborow A, Purnell RM, Wong JF (2016 Apr) Beware the yellow slimming pill: fatal 2,4-dinitrophenol overdose. BMJ Case Rep 4:2016","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2268_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/10435","volume":"1","author":"KA Pretorius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pretorius KA, Mackert M, Wilcox GB (2018 Sep 7) Sudden infant death syndrome and safe sleep on Twitter: analysis of influences and themes to guide health promotion efforts. JMIR Pediatr Parent 1(2):e10435","journal-title":"JMIR Pediatr Parent"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-020-02268-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-020-02268-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-020-02268-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T19:39:39Z","timestamp":1614713979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-020-02268-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-020-02268-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}