{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T16:08:29Z","timestamp":1781885309896,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-024-03238-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T02:01:36Z","timestamp":1714010496000},"page":"1977-1983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of injuries patterns produced by a 9mm P.A.K \u201crubber ball\u201d blank firing weapon: porcine model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6035-0989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas Castillo","family":"Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Zambrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Felipe","family":"Dorado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana In\u00e9s","family":"Ricaurte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3238_CR1","unstructured":"Geneva, Academy (2018) Geneva guidelines on Less-Lethal weapons and Related Equipment in Law Enforcement. Text for consultation"},{"key":"3238_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wyant RT, Burns T, Allgire J (2014) Risk management of less lethal options. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/b16847","DOI":"10.1201\/b16847"},{"key":"3238_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018154","volume":"7","author":"RJ Haar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haar RJ, Iacopino V, Ranadive N, Dandu M, Weiser SD (2017) Death, injury and disability from kinetic impact projectiles in crowd-control settings: a systematic review. BMJ Open 7:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018154","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"3238_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800620613","volume":"62","author":"R Millar","year":"1975","unstructured":"Millar R, Rutherford WH, Johnston S, Malhotra VJ (1975) Injuries caused by rubber bullets: a report on 90 patients. Br J Surg 62:480\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.1800620613","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"3238_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/002580249703700209","volume":"37","author":"J Hiss","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hiss J, Hellman FN, Kahana T (1997) Rubber and Plastic Ammunition Lethal injuries: the Israeli experience. Med Sci Law 37:139\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002580249703700209","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"key":"3238_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e318187dfa8","volume":"30","author":"M Kobayashi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kobayashi M, Mellen PF (2009) Rubber bullet injury: case report with autopsy observation and literature review. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 30:262\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAF.0b013e318187dfa8","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"3238_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2019.101892","volume":"69","author":"JA Beatty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beatty JA, Stopyra JP, Slish JH, Bozeman WP (2020) Injury patterns of less lethal kinetic impact projectiles used by law enforcement officers. J Forensic Leg Med 69:101892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2019.101892","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"3238_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1606-6","volume":"131","author":"M Frank","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frank M, Peters D, Klemm W, Grossjohann R, Ekkernkamp A, Bockholdt B, Seifert J (2017) Penetrating chest trauma caused by a blank cartridge actuated rubber ball projectile: case presentation and ballistic investigation of an uncommon weapon type. Int J Legal Med 131:1307\u20131312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-017-1606-6","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3238_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.09.021","volume":"193","author":"GI Ogunc","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ogunc GI, Ozer MT, Coskun K, Uzar AI (2009) Modified blank ammunition injuries. Forensic Sci Int 193:112\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.09.021","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3238_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1650-2","volume":"131","author":"R Pircher","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pircher R, Gro\u00dfe Perdekamp M, Thierauf-Emberger A, Kramer L, Pollak S, Geisenberger D (2017) Wound morphology in contact shots from blank cartridge handguns: a study on composite models. Int J Legal Med 131:1333\u20131339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-017-1650-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3238_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780367805715","author":"V DiMaio","year":"2015","unstructured":"DiMaio V (2015) Gunshot wounds. CRC Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780367805715","journal-title":"CRC Press"},{"key":"3238_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sinha JK (2014) Forensic investigation of unusual firearms: ballistic and medico-legal evidence. CRC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/b17679","DOI":"10.1201\/b17679"},{"key":"3238_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2016.09.002","volume":"23","author":"C Humphrey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Humphrey C, Kumaratilake J (2016) Ballistics and anatomical modelling \u2013 a review. Leg Med 23:21\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.legalmed.2016.09.002","journal-title":"Leg Med"},{"key":"3238_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2020.1792631","volume":"5","author":"KL Miles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miles KL, Finaughty DA, Gibbon VE (2020) A review of experimental design in forensic taphonomy: moving towards forensic realism. Forensic Sci Res 5:249\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20961790.2020.1792631","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Res"},{"key":"3238_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.2.5751","volume":"139","author":"J Aerssens","year":"1998","unstructured":"Aerssens J, Boonen S, Lowet G, Dequeker J (1998) Interspecies differences in bone composition, density, and quality: potential implications for in vivo bone research. Endocrinology 139:663\u2013670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endo.139.2.5751","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"3238_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.10.004","volume":"53","author":"K Fragkouli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fragkouli K, Al Hakeem E, Bulut O, Simmons T (2018) The effect of range and ammunition type on fracture patterns in porcine postcranial flat bones. J Forensic Leg Med 53:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.10.004","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"3238_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.03.003","volume":"32","author":"J Breeze","year":"2015","unstructured":"Breeze J, Carr DJ, Mabbott A, Beckett S, Clasper JC (2015) Refrigeration and freezing of porcine tissue does not affect the retardation of fragment simulating projectiles. J Forensic Leg Med 32:77\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.03.003","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"3238_CR18","unstructured":"ZSR, ZSR-Katalog (2023) 68. https:\/\/www.zsrpatlayici.com\/files\/ZSR-Katalog.pdf (accessed April 15, 2023)"},{"key":"3238_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.04.035","volume":"266","author":"H Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen H, Kugel C, May H, Medlej B, Stein D, Slon V, Hershkovitz I, Brosh T (2016) The impact velocity and bone fracture pattern: forensic perspective. Forensic Sci Int 266:54\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.04.035","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3238_CR20","unstructured":"Carlucci DE, Jacobson SS (2018) Ballistics. Third edition. | Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, CRC Press; 2018. 282, 601. https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/9781351678674"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03238-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03238-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03238-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T09:09:36Z","timestamp":1723021776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03238-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["3238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03238-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}