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The affected couple thus expressed the urgent desire for a clarification of parenthood considering an abortion. However, the prenatal test results would not have been available until the 14\/15th week of pregnancy. Legally, then, severe physical or mental distress of the pregnant woman must be claimed by physicians to justify an abortion after the twelfth week. However, a lack of genetic relatedness could lead to serious psychological distress for the parents, making a pregnancy termination possible even after the twelfth week, which is discussed in this case study alongside the interdisciplinary team\u2019s ethical, legal, and medical considerations.<\/jats:p><jats:p>For the invasive relationship testing, cultivated chorionic villi samples (CVS) from both unborn and saliva samples from the putative parents were genetically analyzed using classical short tandem repeats (STR) analysis. The perfect match of both CVS profiles suggested the occurrence of an unusual late twin shaft, for which, fortunately, parenthood could be confirmed. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a prenatal investigation of a suspected embryo mix-up after assisted reproductive technology (ART), in which parenthood should be fixed. We want to draw attention to this unthinkable scenario, which may increase in the future with ART-induced rising multiple pregnancies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-024-03245-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T04:01:45Z","timestamp":1714622505000},"page":"2057-2064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Zygotic-splitting after in vitro fertilization and prenatal parenthood testing after suspected embryo mix-up \u2013 a case report"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7933-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Schulz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Schulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothea Wand","family":"Dipl-Med","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3245_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"European IVF, Monitoring (EIM) Consortium for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), Wyns C, De Geyter C, Calhaz-Jorge C, Kupka MS, Motrenko T et al (2021) ART in Europe, 2017: results generated from European registries by ESHRE. 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