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Once tooth development is complete, only degenerative dental characteristics can be used for this purpose. The influence of ethnicity on these degenerative dental characteristics has not been clarified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Degenerative changes were examined using modified Gustafson\u2019s criteria including secondary dentin formation, cementum apposition, periodontal recession and attrition using the Olze et al. (2012) staging scales. Orthopantomograms of 1882 black South Africans, consisting of 934 females and 948 males, from 12.00 to 40.96 years of chronological age were utilized. Two independent examiners performed the evaluations, with one of the two evaluating all radiographs twice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The relationship between individual characteristics and chronological age was analyzed using multiple regression analysis with chronological age as the dependent variable. The resulting R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    values ranged from 0.22 to 0.35, and the standard error of estimate were between 6.6 and 7.3 years. The correlation with age was consistently lower for females compared to males. The characteristic of cementum apposition emerged as critical in this population, due to a particularly low correlation with age and observer agreements partly in the \u201cslight\u201d range. The formula\u2019s values for the correlation with age were in general below the literature values for other populations. Overall, the limited precision of the age estimation by the formulae presented, especially for females, must be emphasized. The question of whether ethnicity per se exerts an influence on the characteristics in question, or whether the different socio-economic status, which encompasses factors such as nutrition and healthcare, is the determining factor, needs to be assessed in future studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-024-03312-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T06:17:46Z","timestamp":1724393866000},"page":"143-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Insights into dental age estimation: introducing multiple regression data from a Black South African population on modified gustafson\u2019s criteria"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Fabian","family":"Rudolphi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2068-5830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurin","family":"Steffens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0746-0144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denys","family":"Shay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4047-6356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan\u00e9","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-7824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liam","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1361-1225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herman","family":"Bernitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0135-1617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Schmeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7717-3378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Timme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"3312_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-016-1456-7","volume":"131","author":"M Timme","year":"2017","unstructured":"Timme M, Steinacker JM, Schmeling A (2017) Age estimation in competitive sports. 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