{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:15:58Z","timestamp":1786115758270,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023561","name":"Ministerio de Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU18\/00669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU18\/00669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-024-03349-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T05:01:47Z","timestamp":1728450107000},"page":"419-427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sex estimation by CT image analysis of the rib cage in a Mediterranean population"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4136-4287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Partido Navadijo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9488-6858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Francisco","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8331-1941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Navarro Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6392-9277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Alem\u00e1n Aguilera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3349_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815767-1.00002-X","volume-title":"Sex estimation of the human skeleton. History, methods and emerging techniques","author":"A Klales","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klales A (2020) Practitioner preferences for sex estimation from human skeletal remains. In: Klales A (ed) Sex estimation of the human skeleton. History, methods and emerging techniques. Academic Press, Elsevier, Kansas, pp 11\u201323"},{"key":"3349_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bethard D, Vansickle C (2020) Applications of sex estimation in and forensic anthropology. In: Klales A (ed) Sex estimation of the human skeleton. Elsevier Inc., pp 25\u201334","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815767-1.00003-1"},{"key":"3349_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uysal Ramadan S, T\u00fcrkmen N, Dolgun NA et al (2010) Sex determination from measurements of the sternum and fourth rib using multislice computed tomography of the chest. Forensic Sci Int 197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.12.049. :120.e1-120.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.12.049"},{"key":"3349_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-023-02957-8","volume":"137","author":"M Partido Navadijo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Partido Navadijo M, Monge Calleja \u00c1M, Ferreira MT, Alem\u00e1n Aguilera I (2023) Validation of discriminant functions from the rib necks in two Portuguese adult identified populations. Int J Legal Med 137:851\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-023-02957-8","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3349_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1520\/jfs11050j","volume":"30","author":"MY \u0130\u015fcan","year":"1985","unstructured":"\u0130\u015fcan MY (1985) Osteometric analysis of sexual dimorphism in the sternal end of the rib. J Forensic Sci 30:1090\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1520\/jfs11050j","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3349_CR6","first-page":"274","volume":"57","author":"TW Todd","year":"1923","unstructured":"Todd TW (1923) Age changes in the Pubic Symphysis: VII. The anthropoid strain in human pubic symphyses of the third decade. J Anat 57:274\u201329412","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"3349_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/AJPA.1330300214","volume":"30","author":"TW Phenice","year":"1969","unstructured":"Phenice TW (1969) A newly developed visual method of sexing the os pubis. Am J Phys Anthropol 30:297\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/AJPA.1330300214","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"3349_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2484(80)90061-5","volume":"9","author":"D Ferembach","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ferembach D, Swidetzky I, Stoukal M (1980) Recommendations for age and sex diagnoses of skeletons. J Hum Evol 9:517\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0047-2484(80)90061-5","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"3349_CR9","unstructured":"Buikstra J, Ubelaker DH (1994) Standards for data collection from human skeletal remains. Proceedings of a Seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History organized by Jonathan Haas. Archaeological Survey Research no 44, Arkansas"},{"key":"3349_CR10","first-page":"111","volume":"13","author":"JM Carretero","year":"1995","unstructured":"Carretero JM, Lorenzo C, Arsuaga JL (1995) An\u00e1lisis multivariante del h\u00famero en la colecci\u00f3n de restos identificados de la Universidad de Coimbra (Portugal). Antropolog\u00eda Portuguesa 13:111\u2013127","journal-title":"Antropolog\u00eda Portuguesa"},{"key":"3349_CR11","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Forensic osteology: advances in the identification of human remains","author":"M Iscan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Iscan M, Miller-Shaivitz P (1986) Sexual dimorphism in the femur and tibia. In: Reichs K (ed) Forensic osteology: advances in the identification of human remains. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, pp 101\u2013111"},{"key":"3349_CR12","unstructured":"Alem\u00e1n Aguilera I, Botella L\u00f3pez MC, Ruiz Rodr\u00edguez L (1997) Determinaci\u00f3n Del sexo en El Esqueleto Poscraneal. Estudio De una poblaci\u00f3n mediterr\u00e1nea actual. Arch Esp Morfol 69\u201379"},{"key":"3349_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Parra P, P\u00e9rez Fern\u00e1ndez T, Djorojevic M et al (2014) Sexual dimorphism of human sternum in a contemporary Spanish population. Forensic Sci Int 244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.06.019. :313.e1-313.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.06.019"},{"key":"3349_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1002\/AJPA.23051","volume":"161","author":"D Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez D, Torres-Tamayo N, Torres-Sanchez I et al (2016) Morphological and functional implications of sexual dimorphism in the human skeletal thorax. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:467\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/AJPA.23051","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"3349_CR15","unstructured":"Hyrtl J (1871) Handbuch Der Topographischen Anatomie: Enth\u00e4lt die topographische anatomie des Koppes, des Halses, Der Brust, Und Des Unterleibes. W. Braum\u00fcller"},{"key":"3349_CR16","first-page":"27","volume":"3","author":"GT Ashley","year":"1956","unstructured":"Ashley GT (1956) Typing of the human sternum: the influence of sex and age on its measurements. J Forensic Med 3:27\u201343","journal-title":"J Forensic Med"},{"key":"3349_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330530206","volume":"53","author":"I Jit","year":"1980","unstructured":"Jit I, Jhingan V, Kulkarni M (1980) Sexing the human sternum. Am J Phys Anthropol 53:217\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330530206","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"3349_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS16132J","volume":"43","author":"AS C\u00f6lo\u011flu","year":"1998","unstructured":"C\u00f6lo\u011flu AS, I\u015fcan MY, Yavuz MF et al (1998) Sex determination from the ribs of contemporary turks. J Forensic Sci 43:273\u2013276","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3349_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12017J","volume":"44","author":"EK Wiredu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wiredu EK, Kumoji R, Seshadri R, Biritwum RB (1999) Osteometric analysis of sexual dimorphism in the sternal end of the rib in a west African population. J Forensic Sci 44:921\u2013925","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3349_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Macaluso PJ, Rico A, Santos M, Lucena J (2012) Osteometric sex discrimination from the sternal extremity of the fourth rib in a recent forensic sample from Southwestern Spain. Forensic Sci Int 223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.007. :375.e1-375.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.09.007"},{"key":"3349_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2017.12.002","volume":"31","author":"A Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz A, Maestro N, Benito M et al (2018) Sex and age at death estimation from the sternal end of the fourth rib. Does \u00cd\u015fcan\u2019s method really work? Leg Med 31:24\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.legalmed.2017.12.002","journal-title":"Leg Med"},{"key":"3349_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-021-02537-8","volume":"135","author":"M Partido Navadijo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Partido Navadijo M, Fombuena Zapata I, Borja Miranda EA, Alem\u00e1n Aguilera I (2021) Discriminant functions for sex estimation using the rib necks in a Spanish population. Int J Legal Med 135:1055\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-021-02537-8","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3349_CR23","unstructured":"White TD, Black MT, Folkens PA (2011) Human Osteology (3o Ed.), 3o. Academic Press"},{"key":"3349_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23769","volume":"168","author":"AM Davies-Barrett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Davies-Barrett AM, Antoine D, Roberts CA (2019) Inflammatory periosteal reaction on ribs associated with lower respiratory tract disease: a method for recording prevalence from sites with differing preservation. Am J Phys Anthropol 168:530\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.23769","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"3349_CR25","first-page":"206","volume":"107","author":"WF McCormick","year":"1983","unstructured":"McCormick WF, Stewart JH (1983) Ossification patterns of costal cartilages as an indicator of sex. Arch Pathol Lab Med 107:206\u2013210","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"3349_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330680205","volume":"68","author":"WF McCormick","year":"1985","unstructured":"McCormick WF, Stewart JH, Langford LA (1985) Sex determination from chest plate roentgenograms. Am J Phys Anthropol 68:173\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330680205","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"3349_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1520\/jfs2004425","volume":"50","author":"CRMM Torwalt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Torwalt CRMM, Hoppa RD (2005) A test of sex determination from measurements of chest radiographs. J Forensic Sci 50:785\u2013790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1520\/jfs2004425","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3349_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ekizoglu O, Hocaoglu E, Inci E et al (2014) Sex estimation from sternal measurements using multidetector computed tomography. Med (United States) 93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000000240","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000240"},{"key":"3349_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02266-4","volume":"134","author":"S Peleg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peleg S, Pelleg Kallevag R, Dar G et al (2020) New methods for sex estimation using sternum and rib morphology. Int J Legal Med 134:1519\u20131530. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-020-02266-4","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3349_CR30","unstructured":"Navarro Merino FJ (2011) Superposici\u00f3n craneofacial para la identificaci\u00f3n humana. Un estudio en poblaci\u00f3n mediterr\u00e1nea. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Granada"},{"key":"3349_CR31","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez Alcaraz M (2012) An\u00e1lisis De imagen para determinaci\u00f3n de edad y sexo en pubis, en una muestra de Tomograf\u00eda Axial computarizada de sujetos adultos vivos. Universidad de Granada"},{"key":"3349_CR32","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda Parra AP (2017) Estimaci\u00f3n del sexo en el esqueleto mediante el an\u00e1lisis de im\u00e1genes en 3D: Estudio de una poblaci\u00f3n mediterr\u00e1nea actual. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Granada"},{"key":"3349_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2307\/2532051","volume":"45","author":"LI-K Lin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lin LI-K (1989) A concordance correlation coefficient to evaluate reproducibility. Biometrics 45:255\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2532051","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"3349_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-009-0349-4","volume":"123","author":"L Ferrante","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferrante L, Cameriere R (2009) Statistical methods to assess the reliability of measurements in the procedures for forensic age estimation. Int J Legal Med 123:277\u2013283","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3349_CR35","unstructured":"McBride G (2005) A proposal for strength-of-Agreement Criteria for Lin\u2019s concordance correlation coefficient. National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research"},{"key":"3349_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krishan K, Chatterjee PM, Kanchan T et al (2016) A review of sex estimation techniques during examination of skeletal remains in forensic anthropology casework. Forensic Sci Int 261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.007. :165.e1-165.e8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.007"},{"key":"3349_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20948","volume":"137","author":"DC Dirkmaat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dirkmaat DC, Cabo LL, Ousley SD, Symes SA (2008) New perspectives in forensic anthropology. Am J Phys Anthropol 137:33\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.20948","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"3349_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1556-4029.2009.01176.X","volume":"54","author":"AM Christensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Christensen AM, Crowder CM (2009) Evidentiary standards for Forensic Anthropology. J Forensic Sci 54:1211\u20131216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1556-4029.2009.01176.X","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3349_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.2298\/VSP170920031D","volume":"76","author":"M Djorojevi\u0107","year":"2019","unstructured":"Djorojevi\u0107 M, Rold\u00e1n C, Botella M, Alem\u00e1n I (2019) Sex assessment from the proximal femur in the Spanish population based on three-dimensional computed tomography metric analysis. Vojnosanit Pregl 76:1245\u20131252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2298\/VSP170920031D","journal-title":"Vojnosanit Pregl"},{"key":"3349_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0910-z","volume":"128","author":"PJ Macaluso Jr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Macaluso PJ Jr, Lucena J (2014) Estimation of sex from sternal dimensions derived from chest plate radiographs in contemporary spaniards. Int J Legal Med 128:389\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-013-0910-z","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3349_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Franklin D, Flavel A, Kuliukas A et al (2012) Estimation of sex from sternal measurements in a western Australian population. Forensic Sci Int 217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.008. :230.e1-230.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.008"},{"key":"3349_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh J, Pathak RK (2013) Morphometric sexual dimorphism of human sternum in a north Indian autopsy sample: sexing efficacy of different statistical techniques and a comparison with other sexing methods. Forensic Sci Int 228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.03.020. :174.e1-174.e10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.03.020"},{"key":"3349_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.09.006","volume":"52","author":"RT Darwish","year":"2017","unstructured":"Darwish RT, Abdel-Aziz MH, el Nekiedy A-AM, Sobh ZK (2017) Sex determination from chest measurements in a sample of Egyptian adults using Multislice Computed Tomography. J Forensic Leg Med 52:154\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2017.09.006","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"3349_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchb.2017.11.001","volume":"68","author":"AA Ahmed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmed AA, Alshammari FO, Alrafiaah AS et al (2017) Estimation of sex in a contemporary Saudi population based on sternal measurements using multidetector computed tomography. HOMO- J Comp Hum Biology 68:411\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchb.2017.11.001","journal-title":"HOMO- J Comp Hum Biology"},{"key":"3349_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2019.60.237","volume":"60","author":"A Bedalov","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bedalov A, Ba\u0161i\u0107 \u017d, Marelja I et al (2019) Sex estimation of the sternum by automatic image processing of multi-slice computed tomography images in a Croatian population sample: a retrospective study. Croat Med J 60:237\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3325\/cmj.2019.60.237","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"3349_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghorbanlou M, Moradi F, Asgari HR (2022) Morphometric study of sternum by computed tomography in an Iranian population: a method to discriminate between male and female. Forensic Imaging 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fri.2022.200501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fri.2022.200501"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-026-03732-1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000}}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03349-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03349-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03349-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T05:13:25Z","timestamp":1785993205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03349-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03349-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03732-1","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03732-1","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}