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DSP was published in 2005 (Murail et al., 2005) and updated as a DSP2 in 2017 (Br\u016f\u017eek et al., 2017) based on a database of 10 pelvic measurements from 2040 individuals worldwide. These tools have been applied subsequently to various populations, however, its applicability to a dry Spanish population is lacking. 303 hipbones belonging to 157 individuals from the School of Legal Medicine from the University Complutense of Madrid (Spain), of which 140 individuals were documented, were analyzed to investigate the reliability, applicability and accuracy of the DSP2 sex estimation methodology, examining side and sex-based potential differences for the first time. In most of the DSP variables, intra-rater reliability showed excellent results and % applicability was higher than 85.0%. Overall % accuracy was higher than 94.0% regardless of the number or discriminant power of the utilized DSP variables. However, % sexing decreased when less variables or less discriminant ones were used for estimations, reaching 45.51% (left) and 43.31% (right). Regarding sexual dimorphism, females\u2019 results of % applicability, % sexing and % accuracy were higher compared to males. In addition, left <jats:italic>os coxae<\/jats:italic> achieved better outcomes (aforementioned percentages) in most of the cases in the sex-pooled sample. Decreasing the mandatory posterior probability by 10% yielded an increase in the % sexing but reduced % accuracy, and thus, does not seem to enhance the approach\u2019s performance. The present study validates the applicability and reliability of DSP for sexing a Spanish population. Future investigations will attempt to assess its applicability within virtual anthropology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-024-03358-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T08:21:38Z","timestamp":1731658898000},"page":"847-862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Application of DSP2 for biological sex estimation in a Spanish sample: analysis based on sex and side"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4165-429X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"San-Mill\u00e1n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4874-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varsha","family":"Warrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3265-2778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2664-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3358_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Krishan K, Chatterjee PM, Kanchan T et al (2016) A review of sex estimation techniques during examination of skeletal remains in forensic anthropology casework. 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