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In the final paragraph of the Results (page 6), the chi-square statistic for impact velocity has a minor correction. Figure 3 needs to be updated due to a coding error. The original article has been corrected.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2025","order":7,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":8,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03606-y","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03606-y","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study using human data was undertaken in accordance with the ethical standards of all relevant research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Ethics approvals for this study were obtained from the following organisations: the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine\u2019s (VIFM) Research Advisory and Ethics Committee (Project ID: 1236); the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) Research Committee (M0505); the Coroners Court of Victoria Research Committee (RC 476); and the Department of Justice and Community Safety Human Research Ethics Committee (CF\/22\/25761). The VIFM ethics approvals were ratified by the East Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit (EMFPU). The EMFPU currently holds ethics approvals from the National Research Ethics Service (REC reference 04-Q2501-64) and the University Hospitals of Leicester Research and Development Office (UHL 09523).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"A waiver for consent was granted under VIFM and NCIS ethics approvals for the Australian cases. Informed consent for the English cases was obtained from next of kin.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate and publish"}},{"value":"One of the co-authors is a member of the Advisory Board of this journal.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}