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Sensitive detection of alcohol consumption using suitable markers is therefore of central importance for clinical and forensic diagnostics. Direct alcohol markers are non-oxidative products of ethanol, which are produced in the body during the degradation of ethanol and provide high sensitivity and specificity. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a promising marker for detecting alcohol consumption in the past days to weeks. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum amount of ethanol for a single alcohol consumption that leads to a detectable increase in blood PEth concentration. Therefore, 12 participants were recruited and, after four weeks of abstinence, drinking tests were carried out with target blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 0.6\u00a0g\/kg and 0.75\u00a0g\/kg. The PEth samples were obtained as dried-blood spots on the test day and the three following days and analyzed using LC-MS\/MS. The result of the study were a detectable increase of PEth in the blood above limit of detection after both drinking events in all participants and an increase in PEth above the cutoff concentration for abstinence of 20 ng\/mL in 9\/12 (75%) and 7\/12 (58%) participants, respectively, from a minimum BAC of 0.48\u00a0g\/kg. These results make PEth appear promising as a marker for controlled moderate alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-024-03379-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T03:08:00Z","timestamp":1733281680000},"page":"589-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Detection of phosphatidylethanol after ethanol intake with targeted blood alcohol concentrations of 0.6\u00a0g\/kg and 0.75\u00a0g\/kg"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Franziska","family":"Spleis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Bantle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Schuldis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4685-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenz M.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Thierauf-Emberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Weinmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3379_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","volume":"392","author":"MG Griswold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Griswold MG, Fullman N, Hawley C, Arian N, Zimsen SRM, Tymeson HD et al (2018) Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of Disease Study 2016. 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The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Freiburg (reference 20-1243_1 on 29 June 2021).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Generally accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct in research involving human participants have been followed. Informed consent was obtained from the participants","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standarts"}},{"value":"Each participant gave written consent to participate in this study. Withdrawal from the study was possible at any time, but was not done by any of the participants enrolled in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Participants signed informed consent regarding publishing their data anonymously.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no financial or non-financial interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}