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The scans were conducted at 120 kVp and 37 mAs reference tube current. Scan length extended from 10\u00a0mm above to 10\u00a0mm below the medial clavicular epiphysis. Dose-relevant parameters (effective CT tube current, volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), CT dose length product (DLP), and effective dose) as well as scan length and image noise were compared between arms-up and arms-down CT scans.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Population characteristics: 19 males, 1 female; mean weight 65.8\u2009\u00b1\u20099.2\u00a0kg; height 174.6\u2009\u00b1\u20097.8\u00a0cm; and body mass index (BMI) 21.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u00a0kg\/m\u00b2. Dose-relevant parameters were significantly lower with arms-up compared to arms-down (effective tube current: 80.9\u2009\u00b1\u200921.7 mAs vs. 146.0\u2009\u00b1\u200947.5 mAs, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001; CTDIvol: 5.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5 mGy vs. 9.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2 mGy, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001; DLP: 40.2\u2009\u00b1\u200913.7 mGy*cm vs. 63.8\u2009\u00b1\u200921.9 mGy*cm, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010; effective dose: 0.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.2 mSv vs. 0.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3 mSv, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010). No significant differences were found in scan length, image noise, or population characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Removing the arms from the CT beam path reduced radiation dose by 33% without affecting scan length or image noise. Given the importance of dose optimisation in non-medical examinations of potentially minor individuals, CT scans of the medial clavicular epiphysis should be performed with arms elevated above the head.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-025-03521-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T23:23:37Z","timestamp":1748474617000},"page":"2339-2349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis for forensic age estimation \u2013 raised arms position recommended"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Saskia C","family":"Kuhnen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schmeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolf-Dieter","family":"Zech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremias B","family":"Klaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer J","family":"Egli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3110-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas D","family":"Ruder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3521_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-023-03061-7","volume":"137","author":"TD Ruder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ruder TD, Kuhnen SC, Zech WD, Klaus JB, Lombardo P, Ith M (2023) Standards of practice in forensic age Estimation with CT of the medial clavicular epiphysis-a systematic review. 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