{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:31:48Z","timestamp":1790793108155,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004721","name":"The University of Tokyo","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004721","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Personal identification plays a crucial role in forensic investigations. The frontal sinus (FS), due to its unique anatomical characteristics, is often used for human identification with radiographic imaging. This study evaluates the feasibility of personal identification using computed tomographic (CT) images of the FS with feature matching programs, the Accelerated-KAZE (AKAZE) and Oriented Features from Accelerated Segmented Test and Rotated Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (ORB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CT images of 180 deceased individuals (135 males, 45 females) were analyzed. Antemortem (AM) and postmortem (PM) CT images of the FS were processed and compared using the AKAZE and ORB algorithms. The similarity between the paired AMCT and PMCT images was calculated using brute-force matching. Welch\u2019s t-test was used to assess differences in similarity scores between the matched and mismatched groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the accuracy of the identification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean similarity scores of the matched groups were significantly lower than those of the mismatched groups across all subgroups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). ROC analysis showed that AKAZE had a higher true positive rate (TPR\u2009=\u20090.950) and a lower false positive rate (FPR\u2009=\u20090.129) than ORB (TPR\u2009=\u20090.883, FPR\u2009=\u20090.172) for all samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Feature-matching algorithms applied to CT images demonstrated high reliability for personal identification. AKAZE performed better than ORB in distinguishing between the matched and mismatched groups. These findings support the potential application of this method to forensic investigations, particularly where DNA, fingerprints, and dental materials are not available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-025-03564-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T02:29:06Z","timestamp":1754965746000},"page":"2857-2867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Forensic personal identification using two-dimensional computed tomographic imaging of the frontal sinus: a comparative analysis of feature matching algorithms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4891-8673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suguru","family":"Torimitsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Tsuneya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Numfon","family":"Tweeatsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiko","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Yajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Inokuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayumi","family":"Motomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiko","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Hoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaro","family":"Iwase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohsuke","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3564_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14135","volume":"65","author":"R Cameriere","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cameriere R, Scendoni R, Lin Z, Milani C, Palacio LAV, Turiello M, Ferrante L (2020) Analysis of frontal sinuses for personal identificationin a Chinese sample using a new code number. J Forensic Sci 65:46\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14135","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR2","unstructured":"The International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) (2018) Disaster victim identification guide. https:\/\/www.interpolint\/content\/download\/589\/file\/18Y1344%20E%20DVI_Guide.pdf"},{"key":"3564_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.5624\/isd","volume":"42","author":"N Patil","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patil N, Karjodkar FR, Sontakke S, Sansare K, Salvi R (2012) Uniqueness of radiographic patterns of the frontal sinus for personal identification. Imaging Sci Dent 42:213\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5624\/isd","journal-title":"Imaging Sci Dent"},{"key":"3564_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-019-02139-5","volume":"133","author":"A Cappella","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cappella A, Gibelli D, Cellina M, Mazzarelli D, Oliva AG, De Angelis D, Sforza C, Cattaneo C (2019) Three-dimensional analysis of sphenoid sinus uniqueness for assessing personal identification: A novel method based on 3D-3D superimposition. Int J Legal Med 133:1895\u20131901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-019-02139-5","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3564_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.03.030","volume":"262","author":"CBRB Soares","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soares CBRB, Almeida MSC, Lopes M, Beltr\u00e3o RV, Pontual A, Ramos-Perez FMM, Figueroa JN, Pontual MLA (2016) Human identification study by means of frontal sinus Imaginological aspects. Forensic Sci Int 262:183\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.03.030","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.10.009","volume":"171","author":"M Pfaeffli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pfaeffli M, Vock P, Dirnhofer R, Braun M, Bolliger SA, Thali MJ (2007) Post-mortem radiological CT identification based on classical ante-mortem X-ray examinations. Forensic Sci Int 171:111\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.10.009","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rabelo KA, Dos Anjos Pontual ML, de Queiroz Jord\u00e3o N, de Paiva KM, de Moraes Ramos-Perez FM, dos Santos MS, dos Anjos Pontual A (2016) Human identification by FSS system adapted to cephalometric radiographs. Forensic Sci Int 262:227\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.03.025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.03.025"},{"key":"3564_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.4067\/S0717-95022014000200046","volume":"32","author":"JAM Marques","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marques JAM, Musse Jde O, Gois BC, Galv\u00e3o LCC, Paranhos LR (2014) Cone-Beamcomputed tomography analysis of the frontal sinus in forensic investigation. Int J Morphol 32:660\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/S0717-95022014000200046","journal-title":"Int J Morphol"},{"key":"3564_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.5603\/fm.2013.0051","volume":"72","author":"S Bilgin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bilgin S, Kantarc\u0131 UH, Duymus M, Yildirim CH, Ercakmak B, Orman G, Gunenc Beser C, Kaya M, Gok M, Akbasak A (2013) Association between frontal sinus development and persistent metopic suture. Folia Morphol 72:306\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/fm.2013.0051","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"3564_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nambiar P, Naidu MD, Subramaniam K (1999) Anatomical variability of the frontal sinuses and their application in forensic identification. Clin Anat 12:16\u201319.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1999)12:1%3C;16::AID-CA3%3E;3.0.CO;2-D","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1999)12:1%3C;16::AID-CA3%3E;3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"3564_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2005.11.012","volume":"3","author":"C Fatu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fatu C, Puisoru M, Rotaru M, Truta AM (2006) Morphometric evaluation of the frontal sinus in relation to age. Anna Anat188 3:275\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aanat.2005.11.012","journal-title":"Anna Anat188"},{"key":"3564_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.08.018","volume":"74","author":"IH Park","year":"2010","unstructured":"Park IH, Song JS, Choi H, Kim TH, Hoon S, Lee SH, Lee HM (2010) Volumetric study in the development of paranasal sinuses by CT imaging in asian: A pilot study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 74:1347\u20131350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2010.08.018","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"3564_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS15250J","volume":"47","author":"NJ Kirk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kirk NJ, Wood RE, Goldstein MM (2002) Skeletal identification using the frontal sinus region: A retrospective study of 39 cases. J Forensic Sci 47:318\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1520\/JFS15250J","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(87)90041-7","volume":"34","author":"M Yoshino","year":"1987","unstructured":"Yoshino M, Miyasaka S, Sato H, Seta S (1987) Classification system of frontal sinus patterns by radiography. Its application to identification of unknown skeletal remains. Forensic Sci Int 34:289\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0379-0738(87)90041-7","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01281.x","volume":"55","author":"JL Besana","year":"2010","unstructured":"Besana JL, Rogers TL (2010) Personal identification using the frontal sinus. J Forensic Sci 55:584\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01281.x","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805429-1.00020-X","volume-title":"New perspectives in forensic human skeletal identification","author":"AM Christensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Christensen AM, Hatch GM (2018) Advances in the use of frontal sinuses for human identification. In: Latham K, Bartelink E, Finnegan M (eds) New perspectives in forensic human skeletal identification. Academic, London, UK, pp 227\u2013240"},{"issue":"93","key":"3564_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738","volume":"61","author":"KJ Reichs","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reichs KJ (1993) Quantified comparison of frontal sinus patterns by means of computed tomography. Forensic Sci Int 61(93):141\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0379-0738","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.31782\/IJCRR.2019.0812","volume":"11","author":"P Garhia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garhia P, Saxena S, Gupta A (2019) Frontal sinus variability as a tool in forensic identification- a pilot study using radiographic images and software analysis. Int J Curr Res Rev 11:8\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31782\/IJCRR.2019.0812","journal-title":"Int J Curr Res Rev"},{"key":"3564_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-011-0677-6","volume":"116","author":"R Ciaffi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ciaffi R, Gibelli D, Cattaneo C (2011) Forensic radiology and personal identification of unidentified bodies: A review. Radiol Med 116:960\u2013968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-011-0677-6","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"3564_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02443-5","volume":"135","author":"H Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao H, Li Y, Xue H, Deng ZH, Liang WB, Zhang L (2021) Morphological analysis of three-dimensionally reconstructed frontal sinuses from Chinese Han population using computed tomography. Int J Legal Med 135:1015\u20131023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-020-02443-5","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3564_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200599","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200599","volume":"50","author":"JGD Pereira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira JGD, Santos JBS, Sousa SP, Franco A, Silva RHA (2021) Frontal sinuses as tools for human identification: A systematic review of imaging methods. Dento Maxillo Facial Rad 50:20200599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20200599","journal-title":"Dento Maxillo Facial Rad"},{"key":"3564_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-018-1895-4","volume":"133","author":"D Gibelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gibelli D, Cellina M, Cappella A, Gibelli S, Panzeri MM, Oliva AG, Termine G, De Angelis D, Cattaneo C, Sforza C (2019) An innovative 3D-3D superimposition for assessing anatomical uniqueness of frontal sinuses through segmentation on CT scans. Int J Legal Med 133:1159\u20131165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-018-1895-4","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3564_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2012.02076.x","volume":"57","author":"M Murphy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murphy M, Drage N, Carabott R, Adams C (2012) Accuracy and reliability of cone beam computed tomography of the jaws for comparative forensic identification: A preliminary study. J Forensic Sci 57(4):1556\u20134029 2012.02076.x:. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2012.02076.x","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130468","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20130468","volume":"87","author":"F Dedouit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dedouit F, Savall F, Mokrane FZ, Rousseau H, Crub\u00e9zy E, Roug\u00e9 D, Telmon N (2014) Virtual anthropology and forensic identification using multidetector CT. Br J Radiol 87:20130468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20130468","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"3564_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-019-00189-0","volume":"16","author":"J Ognard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ognard J, Deloire L, Saccardy C, Burdin V, Ben Salem DB (2020) Automated contour detection in spine radiographs and computed tomography reconstructions for forensic comparative identification. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 16:99\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-019-00189-0","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"3564_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14199","volume":"65","author":"Z Ali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ali Z, Mourtzinos N, Ali BB, Fowler D (2020) A pilot study comparing postmortem and antemortem CT for the identification of unknowns: could a forensic pathologist do it? J Forensic Sci 65:492\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.14199","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2018.1480460","volume":"4","author":"H Boer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boer H, Blau S, Delabarde T, Hackman L (2019) The role of forensic anthropology in disaster victim identification (DVI): recent developments and future prospects. Forensic Sci Res 4:303\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20961790.2018.1480460","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Res"},{"key":"3564_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2018.08.003","volume":"46","author":"L Deloire","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deloire L, Diallo I, Cadieu R, Auffret M, Alavi Z, Ognard J, Ben Salem D (2019) Post-mortem X-ray computed tomography (PMCT) identification using ante-mortem CT-scan of the sphenoid sinus. J Neuroradiol 46:248\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurad.2018.08.003","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3564_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200002000-00018","volume":"48","author":"U Farkash","year":"2000","unstructured":"Farkash U, Scope A, Lynn M, Kugel C, Maor R, Abargel A, Eldad A (2000) Preliminary experience with postmortem computed tomography in military penetrating trauma. J Trauma 48:303\u2013308discussion308","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"3564_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2002166","volume":"48","author":"MJ Thali","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thali MJ, Yen K, Schweitzer W, Vock P, Boesch C, Ozdoba C, Schroth G, Ith M, Sonnenschein M, Doernhoefer T, Scheurer E, Plattner T, Dirnhofer R (2003) Virtopsy, a new imaging horizon in forensic pathology: virtual autopsy by postmortem multi slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-a feasibility study. J Forensic Sci 48:386\u2013403","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2402050972","volume":"240","author":"AD Levy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Levy AD, Abbott RM, Mallak CT, Getz JM, Harcke HT, Champion HR, Pearse LA (2006) Virtual autopsy: preliminary experience in high-velocity gunshot wound victims. Radiology 240:522\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2402050972","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3564_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.146","volume":"12","author":"P Ljung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ljung P, Winskog C, Persson A, Lundstr\u00f6m C, Ynnerman A (2006) Full body virtual autopsies using a state-of-the-art volume rendering pipeline. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 12:869\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2006.146","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"3564_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2012.10.003","author":"M Baglivo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baglivo M, Winklhofer S, Hatch GM, Ampanozi G, Thali MJ, Ruder TD (2013) J Forensic Radiol Imaging 1:3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jofri.2012.10.003. The rise of forensic and post-mortem radiology\u2014Analysis of the literature between the year 2000 and 2011"},{"key":"3564_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00137-3","volume":"134","author":"MJ Thali","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thali MJ, Yen K, Schweitzer W, Vock P, Ozdoba C, Dirnhofer R (2003) Into the decomposed body\u2014Forensic digital autopsy using multi slice-computed tomography. Forensic Sci Int 134:109\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0379-0738(03)00137-3","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2008.00742.x","volume":"53","author":"S Blau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Blau S, Robertson S, Johnstone M (2008) Disaster victim identification: new applications for postmortem computed tomography. J Forensic Sci 53:956\u2013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2008.00742.x","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.05.026","volume":"205","author":"C O\u2019Donnell","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell C, Iino M, Mansharan K, Leditscke J, Woodford N (2011) Contribution of post-mortem multidetector CT scanning to identification of the deceased in a mass disaster: experience gained from the 2009 Victorian bushfires. Forensic Sci Int 205:15\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.05.026","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12544","volume":"235","author":"C Villa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villa C, Buckberry J, Lynnerup N (2019) Evaluating osteological ageing from digital data. J Anat 235:386\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12544","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"3564_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-020-00450-1","volume":"37","author":"L Eissa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eissa L, Eid M (2020) Razek AAKA. MR and CT imaging features of sino-nasal organized hematomas. Oral Radiol 37:297\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11282-020-00450-1","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"key":"3564_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-72992008000500027","volume":"74","author":"RF Silva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Silva RF, Pinto RN, Ferreira GM, Daruge Junior E (2008) Importance of frontal sinus radiographs for human identification. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 74:798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S0034-72992008000500027","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"3564_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.01.060","volume":"81","author":"TD Ruder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruder TD, Kraehenbuehl M, Gotsmy WF, Mathier S, Ebert LC, Thali MJ, Hatch GM (2012) Radiologic identification of disaster victims: A simple and reliable method using CT of the paranasal sinuses. Eur J Radiol 81:e132\u2013e138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.01.060","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"3564_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2016.03.007","volume":"43","author":"M Auffret","year":"2016","unstructured":"Auffret M, Garetier M, Diallo I, Aho S, Ben Salem DB (2016) Contribution of the computed tomography of the anatomical aspects of the sphenoid sinuses to forensic identification. J Neuroradiol 43:404\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurad.2016.03.007","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"3564_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2014.09.002","volume":"2","author":"DP Sarment","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sarment DP, Christensen AM (2014) The use of cone beam computed tomography in forensic radiology. J Forensic Radiol Imag 2:173\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jofri.2014.09.002","journal-title":"J Forensic Radiol Imag"},{"key":"3564_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.09.003","volume":"36","author":"TL Beaini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beaini TL, Duailibi-Neto EF, Chilvarquer I, Melani RFH (2015) Human identification through frontal sinus 3D super imposition: pilot study with cone beam computer tomography. J Forensic Leg Med 36:63\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.09.003","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"3564_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7517","DOI":"10.3390\/app13137517","volume":"13","author":"D Kubo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kubo D, Itamiya T, Kawanishi N, Hoshi N, Kimoto K (2023) The use of a 3D image comparison program for dental identification. Appl Sci 13:7517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app13137517","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.51519\/journalisi.v6i1.671","volume":"6","author":"EB Pranata","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pranata EB, Tony T (2024) Utilizing ORB algorithm in web-based sales application. J Inf Syst Inf 6:378\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51519\/journalisi.v6i1.671","journal-title":"J Inf Syst Inf"},{"key":"3564_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alcantarilla PF, Nuevo J, Bartoli A (2013) Fast explicit diffusion for acceleratedfeatures in nonlinear scale spaces. In: Proceedings of the British machine vision conference","DOI":"10.5244\/C.27.13"},{"key":"3564_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33783-3_16","volume":"7577","author":"PF Alcantarilla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alcantarilla PF, Bartoli A, Davison AJ (2012) KAZE features. Lect Notes Comput Sci 7577:214\u2013227","journal-title":"Lect Notes Comput Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94","volume":"60","author":"DG Lowe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lowe DG (2004) Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int J Comput Vis 60:91\u2013110","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"3564_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bay H, Tuytelaars T, Gool VL (2008) SURF: speeded up robust features. In: Proceedings of the 9th European conference on computer vision, Marseille, France, 12\u201318 October 2008. Springer, Berlin\/Heidelberg, pp 346\u2013359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2007.09.014"},{"key":"3564_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rublee E, Rabaut V, Konolige K, Bradski G (2011) ORB: An efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV), pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126544"},{"key":"3564_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u00a0Jahangir Alam M, Chowdhury T, Ali Md\u00a0S (2020) A smart login system using face detection and recognition by ORB algorithm. IJEECS 20:1078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11591\/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp1078-1087","DOI":"10.11591\/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp1078-1087"},{"key":"3564_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18839","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10646-0","volume":"80","author":"M Bansal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bansal M, Kumar M, Kumar M (2021) Monika Bansal1 & munish Kumar2 & Manish Kumar3. 2D object recognition: A comparative analysis of SIFT,SURF and ORB feature descriptors. Multimedia Tool Appl 80:18839\u201318857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10646-0","journal-title":"Multimedia Tool Appl"},{"key":"3564_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosten E, Drummond T (2006) Machine learning for high-speed cornerdetection. In: European Conference on Computer Vision","DOI":"10.1007\/11744023_34"},{"key":"3564_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1007\/s12596-023-01170-5","volume":"53","author":"ES Sabry","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sabry ES, Elagooz S, El-Samie FEA, El-Bahnasawy NA, El-Banby GM (2024) SIFT and ORB performance assessment for object identificationin different test cases. J Opt 53:1695\u20131708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12596-023-01170-5","journal-title":"J Opt"},{"key":"3564_CR55","first-page":"164","volume":"3","author":"AV Kulkarni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kulkarni AV, Jagtap JS, Harpale VK (2013) Object recognition with ORB and its implementation OnFPGA. Int J Adv Comput Res 3:164","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Res"},{"key":"3564_CR56","first-page":"156","volume":"11","author":"RE Ward","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ward RE, Jamison PL (1991) Measurement precision and reliability in craniofacial anthropometry: implications and suggestions for clinical applications. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 11:156\u2013164","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol"},{"key":"3564_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20129","volume":"17","author":"SM Weinberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weinberg SM, Scott NM, Neiswanger K, Marazita ML (2005) Intraobserver error associated with measurements of the hand. Am J Hum Biol 17:368\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajhb.20129","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"3564_CR58","unstructured":"Bass WM (2005) Human osteology: A laboratory and field manual. Missouri Archaeological Society, University of Columbia"},{"key":"3564_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2018.02.001","volume":"12","author":"S Nikolova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nikolova S, Toneva D, Georgiev I, Dandov A, Lazarov N (2018) Morphometric analysis of the frontal sinus: application of industrial digital radiography and virtual endocast. J Forensic Radiol Imag 12:31\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jofri.2018.02.001","journal-title":"J Forensic Radiol Imag"},{"key":"3564_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2015.05.001","volume":"3","author":"TA Xavier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xavier TA, Dias Terada ASS, Da Silva RHA (2015) Forensic application of the frontal and maxillary sinuses: A literature review. J Forensic Radiol Imag 3:105\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jofri.2015.05.001","journal-title":"J Forensic Radiol Imag"},{"key":"3564_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(96)02033-6","volume":"83","author":"G Quatrehomme","year":"1996","unstructured":"Quatrehomme G, Fronty P, Sapanet M, Gr\u00e9vin G, Bailet P, Ollier A (1996) Identification by frontal sinus pattern in forensic anthropology. Forensic Sci Int 83:147\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0379-0738(96)02033-6","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-022-00520-2","volume":"19","author":"M Sridhar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sridhar M, Bagewadi A, LagaliJirge V, Lokesh Kumar S, Panwar A, Keluskar V (2023) Reliability of gender determination from paranasal sinuses and its application in forensic identificationa systematic reviewand metaanalysis. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 19:409\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-022-00520-2","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"3564_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.01.023","volume":"127","author":"M Owlia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Owlia M, Yu L, Deible C, Hughes MA, Jovin F, Bump GM (2014) Head CT scan overuse in frequently admitted medical patients. Am J Med 127:406\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.01.023","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"3564_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072149","volume":"357","author":"DJ Brenner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brenner DJ, Hall EJ, Phil D (2007) Computed tomography\u2013 An increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 357:2277\u20132284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra072149","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3564_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-015-3434-5","volume":"46","author":"M Bosch de Basea","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bosch de Basea M, Salotti JA, Pearce MS, Muchart J, Riera L, Barber I, Pedraza S, Pardina M, Capdevila A, Espinosa A, Cardis E (2016) Trends and patterns in the use of computed tomography in children and young adults in Catalonia\u2013 Results from the EPI-CT study. Pediatr Radiol 46:119\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-015-3434-5","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"3564_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2016.02.023","volume":"13","author":"VS Shetty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shetty VS, Reis MN, Aulino JM, Berger KL, Broder J, Choudhri AF, Kendi AT, Kessler MM, Kirsch CF, Luttrull MD, Mechtler LL, Prall JA, Raksin PB, Roth CJ, Sharma A, West OC, Wintermark M, Cornelius RS, Bykowski J (2016) ACR appropriateness criteria head trauma. J Am Coll Radiol 13:668\u2013679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2016.02.023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"3564_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2013.01.001","volume":"10","author":"RS Cornelius","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cornelius RS, Martin J, Wippold FJ, Aiken AH, Angtuaco EJ, Berger KL, Brown DC, Davis PC, McConnell CT, Mechtler LL, Nussenbaum B, Roth CJ, Seidenwurm DJ, American College of Radiology (2013) ACR appropriateness criteria sinonasal disease. J Am Coll Radiol 10:241\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2013.01.001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"3564_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.17511\/ijmrr.2015.i11.237","volume":"3","author":"DAPS Kushwah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kushwah DAPS, Bhalse DR, Pande DS (2015) CT evaluation of diseases of paranasal sinuses & histopathological studies. Int J Med Res Rev 3:1306\u20131310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17511\/ijmrr.2015.i11.237","journal-title":"Int J Med Res Rev"},{"key":"3564_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.03.029","volume":"286","author":"LAD Souza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Souza LAD, Marana AN, Weber SAT (2018) Automatic frontal sinus recognition in computed tomography images for person identification. Forensic Sci Int 286:252\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2018.03.029","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-021-02585-0","volume":"135","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Xu C, Yu D, Xiong T, Zhao H, Xue H, Liang WB, Deng ZH, Zhang L (2021) Computeraided superimposition of the frontal sinus via 3Dreconstruction for comparative forensic identification. Int J Legal Med 135:1993\u20132001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-021-02585-0","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3564_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.03.023","volume":"166","author":"E Tatlisumak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tatlisumak E, Ovali GY, Aslan A, Asirdizer M, Zeyfeoglu Y, Tarhan S (2007) Identification of unknown bodies by using ctimages of frontal sinus. Forensic Sci Int 166:42\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.03.023","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-015-0552-y","volume":"120","author":"G Cossellu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cossellu G, De Luca S, Biagi R, Farronato G, Cingolani M, Ferrante L, Cameriere R (2015) Reliability of frontal sinus by cone beamcomputed tomography(CBCT) for individual identification. Radiol Med 120:1130\u20131136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-015-0552-y. DOI","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"3564_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patricia R, Campbell JL, Garvin HM, Butaric LN. Personal identification using frontal sinus coding methods:the effect of mixed image modality comparisons. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.15533","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.15533"},{"key":"3564_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01075.x","volume":"54","author":"M Cox","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cox M, Malcolm M, Fairgrieve SI (2009) A new digital method Forthe objective comparison of frontal sinuses for identification. J Forensic Sci 54:761\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2009.01075.x","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1080\/00450618.2020.1766113","volume":"53","author":"M Robles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robles M, Morgan RM, Rando C (2020) 1766113 A novel method for producing3D models of paranasal sinuses for forensic anthropology applications. Aust J Forensic Sci 53:693\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00450618.2020.1766113","journal-title":"Aust J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabp9767","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abp9767","volume":"8","author":"A Balzeau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balzeau A, Albessard-Ball L, Kubicka AM, Filippo A, Beaudet A, Santos E, Bienvenu T, Arsuaga JL, Bartsiokas A, Berger L, Berm\u00fadez de Castro JM, Brunet M, Carlson KJ, Daura J, Gorgoulis VG, Grine FE, Harvati K, Hawks J, Herries A, Hublin JJ, Hui J, Ives R, Joordens JA, Kaifu Y, Kouloukoussa M, L\u00e9ger B, Lordkipanidze D, Margvelashvili A, Martin J, Martin\u00f3n-Torres M, May H, Mounier A, du Plessis A, Rae T, R\u00f6ding C, Sanz M, Semal P, Stratford D, Stringer C, Tawane M, Temming H, Tsoukala E, Zilh\u00e3o J, Zipfel B, Buck LT (2022) Frontal sinuses and human evolution. Sci Adv 8:eabp9767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abp9767","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"3564_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2012.02185.x","volume":"58","author":"DI Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim DI, Lee UY, Park SO, Kwak DS, Han SH (2013) Identification using frontal sinus by three-dimensional reconstruction from computed tomography. J Forensic Sci 58:5\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2012.02185.x","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/PAF.0b013e31806195cb","volume":"28","author":"CP Campobasso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Campobasso CP, Dell\u2019Erba AS, Belviso M, Di VG (2007) Craniofacial identification by comparison of ante mortem and post-mortem radiographs: two case reports dealing with burnt bodies. Am J Foren Med Path 28:182\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PAF.0b013e31806195cb","journal-title":"Am J Foren Med Path"},{"key":"3564_CR79","first-page":"31","volume":"49","author":"M Taniguchi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Taniguchi M, Sakoda S, Kano T, Zhu BL, Kamikodai Y, Fujita MQ, Maeda H (2003) Possibleuse of nasal septum and frontal sinus patterns to radiographic identification of unknown human remains. Osaka City Med J 49:31\u201338","journal-title":"Osaka City Med J"},{"key":"3564_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.05.016","volume":"16","author":"RFD Silva","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silva RFD, Prado FB, Caputo IGC, Devito KL, Botelho TDL, Eduardo DJ (2009) The forensic importance of frontal sinus radiographs. J Forensic Leg Med 16:18\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2008.05.016","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"3564_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.08.029","volume":"280","author":"CN Brun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brun CN, Christensen AM, Kravarski M, Gorincour G, Schweitzer W, Thali MJ, Gascho D, Hatch GM, Ruder TD (2017) Comparative radiologic identification with standardized single CT images of the paranasal sinuses\u2014Evaluation of inter-rater reliability. Forensic Sci Int 280:81\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2017.08.029","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2016.11.001","volume":"7","author":"AM Christensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christensen AM, Hatch GM (2016) Quantification of radiologic identification (RADid) and the development of apopulation frequency data repository. J Forensic Rad Imaging 7:14\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jofri.2016.11.001","journal-title":"J Forensic Rad Imaging"},{"key":"3564_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-1475.81286","volume":"2","author":"R Saxena","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saxena R, David M (2010) Use of frontal sinus and nasal septum patterns Asan aid in personal identification: A digital radiographic pilot study. J Forensic Dent Sci 2:77\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0975-1475.81286","journal-title":"J Forensic Dent Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.152078","volume":"7","author":"P Verma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verma P, Verma KG, Khosa R, Kumar S, Basavaraju S, Patwardhan N (2015) Combined use of frontal sinus and nasal septum patterns as an aid in forensics: A digital radiographic study. N Am J Med Sci 7:47\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1947-2714.152078","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-021-02761-2","volume":"136","author":"H Wen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen H, Wu W, Fan F, Liao P, Chen H, Zhang Y, Deng Z, Lv W (2022) Human identification performed with skull\u2019s sphenoid sinus basedon deep learning. Int J Legal Med 136:1067\u20131074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-021-02761-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3564_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasi.2014.04.007","volume":"63","author":"SK Sharma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharma SK, Jehan M, Kumar A (2014) Measurements of maxillary sinus volume and dimensions by computed tomography scan for gender determination. J Anat Soc India 63:36\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jasi.2014.04.007","journal-title":"J Anat Soc India"},{"key":"3564_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/paf.0000000000000842","volume":"44","author":"Y Hekimoglu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hekimoglu Y, Sasani MD, Etli HMD, MD Y, Siddik Keskin MD, Tastekin B, Asirdizer MD M (2023) Sex Estimation from the paranasal sinus volumes using semiautomatic segmentation, discriminant analyses, and machine learning algorithms. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 44:311\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/paf.0000000000000842","journal-title":"Am J Forensic Med Pathol"},{"key":"3564_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-1475.127766","volume":"6","author":"C Belaldavar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Belaldavar C, Kotrashetti VS, Hallikerimath SR, Kale AD (2014) Assessment offrontal sinus dimensions to determine sexual dimorphism among Indian adults. J Forensic Dent Sci 6:25\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0975-1475.127766","journal-title":"J Forensic Dent Sci"},{"key":"3564_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20617","volume":"21","author":"E Tatlisumak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tatlisumak E, Ovali GY, Asirdizer M, Aslan A, Ozyurt B, Bayindir P, Tarhan S (2008) CT study on morphometry offrontal sinus. Clin Anat 21:287\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ca.20617","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"3564_CR90","volume-title":"Identification by frontal sinus prints","author":"N Asherson","year":"1965","unstructured":"Asherson N (1965) Identification by frontal sinus prints. HK, London, Lewis& Co. Ltd"},{"key":"3564_CR91","first-page":"978","volume":"60","author":"BC Allen","year":"1961","unstructured":"Allen BC (1961) Applied anatomy of paranasal sinuses. J Am Osteopath Assoc 60:978\u2013983","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"3564_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.2307\/2798956","volume":"5","author":"JC Buckland-Wright","year":"1970","unstructured":"Buckland-Wright JC (1970) A radiographic examination of frontal sinuses in early British populations. Man 5:512\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2798956","journal-title":"Man"},{"key":"3564_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.03.019","volume":"221","author":"JJ Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang JJ, Wang JL, Chen YL, Li WS (2012) A post-processing technique for cranial CT image identification. Forensic Sci Int 221:23\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.03.019","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3564_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn088","volume":"31","author":"H Bassam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bassam H, Paul VDS, Gerard S (2008) Accuracy of three dimensional measurements obtained from cone beam computed tomography surface-rendered images for cephalometric analysis: influence of patient scanning position. Eur J Orthodont 31:129\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjn088","journal-title":"Eur J Orthodont"},{"key":"3564_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.5744\/fa.2018.0010","volume":"1","author":"M Trant","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trant M, Christensen AM (2018) Frontal sinus absence rates in various populations implications for forensic identification. J Forensic Anthropol 1:99\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5744\/fa.2018.0010","journal-title":"J Forensic Anthropol"},{"key":"3564_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hashim N, Hemalatha N, Thangaraj K, Kareem A, Ahmed A, Hassan NFN, Jayaprakash PT (2015) Practical relevance of prescribing super imposition for determining a frontal sinus pattern match. Forensic Sci Int 253:137.e1-137.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.05.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.05.020"},{"key":"3564_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2015.01.002","volume":"3","author":"AL Brough","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brough AL, Morgan B, Rutty GN (2015) The basics of disaster victim identification. J Forensic Radiol Imaging 3:29\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jofri.2015.01.002","journal-title":"J Forensic Radiol Imaging"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03564-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03564-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03564-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T01:37:35Z","timestamp":1760665055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03564-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03564-5","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.jofri.2012.10.003","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was carried out following the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki (Finland). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of the University of Tokyo (10835) and Chiba University (2819).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants were corpses and consent cannot be obtained. All personal data were anonymized to protect the identity.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}