{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T11:04:08Z","timestamp":1785236648140,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-025-03592-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T08:55:08Z","timestamp":1756371308000},"page":"333-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Age assessment according to the stages of pulp involution in a Brazilian sample"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7183-5459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nath\u00e1lia Araujo","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0000-4234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo C\u00e1ssio","family":"Figueira-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1932-0816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirela Cristina","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7046-8549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Marques","family":"Brassarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0945-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Henrique Viana","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1532-1670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Henrique Alves","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3592_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/ijfo.ijfo_5_20","volume":"5","author":"E Nuzzolese","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nuzzolese E, Lupariello F, Ricci P (2020) Human identification and human rights through humanitarian forensic odontology. Int J Forensic Odontol 5(1):38\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijfo.ijfo_5_20","journal-title":"Int J Forensic Odontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3592_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-009-0415-y","volume":"124","author":"A Olze","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olze A, Solheim T, Schulz R, Kupfer M, Schmeling A (2010) Evaluation of the radiographic visibility of the root pulp in the lower third molars for the purpose of forensic age estimation in living individuals. Int J Legal Med 124(3):183\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-009-0415-y","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3592_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1950.0132","volume":"41","author":"G Gustafson","year":"1950","unstructured":"Gustafson G (1950) Age determinations on teeth. J Am Dent Assoc 41(1):45\u201354","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"3592_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2147\/RRFMS.S75140","volume":"5","author":"D Franklin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franklin D, Flavel A, Noble J, Swift L, Karkhanis S (2015) Forensic age estimation in living individuals: methodological considerations in the context of medico-legal practice. Res Rep Forensic Med Sci 5:53\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RRFMS.S75140","journal-title":"Res Rep Forensic Med Sci"},{"key":"3592_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110456","volume":"315","author":"HH Boer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boer HH, Obertov\u00e1 Z, Cunha E et al (2020) Forensic Sci Int 315:110456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2020.110456","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3592_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1080\/00450618.2020.1789220","volume":"54","author":"F Micco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Micco F, Martino F, Campobasso CP (2020) Ethical issues in age assessment by the third molar development. Aust J Forensic Sci 54(1):88\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00450618.2020.1789220","journal-title":"Aust J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3592_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800034-2.00006-9","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of forensic and legal medicine","author":"L Hackman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hackman L, Black SM (2016) Age Estimation in the living. In: Payne-James J, Byard RW (eds) Encyclopedia of forensic and legal medicine, vol 1, 2nd edn. Academic, Cambridge, pp 34\u201340","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"3592_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802420934253","volume":"61","author":"A Donno","year":"2021","unstructured":"Donno A, Angrisani C, Mele F, Introna F, Santoro V (2021) Dental age estimation: demirjian\u2019s versus the other methods in different populations. A literature review. Med Sci Law 61(1):125\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0025802420934253","journal-title":"Med Sci Law"},{"issue":"4","key":"3592_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1992.tb01740.x","volume":"100","author":"T Solheim","year":"1992","unstructured":"Solheim T (1992) Amount of secondary dentin as an indicator of age. Eur J Oral Sci 100(4):193\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1992.tb01740.x","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3592_CR10","first-page":"28","volume":"42","author":"W Upalananda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Upalananda W, Khwankaew K, Chormanee K, Chinkanjanaroj A, Pethpand T (2025) Age estimation at 18-year threshold: comparing Demirjian and cameriere\u2019s methods for Thais. J Forensic Odontostomatol 42(3):28","journal-title":"J Forensic Odontostomatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3592_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20210368","volume":"51","author":"DN Gunacar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gunacar DN, Bayrak S, Sinanoglu EA (2022) Three-dimensional verification of the radiographic visibility of the root pulp used for forensic age estimation in mandibular third molars. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 51(3):20210368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20210368","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3592_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-015-9688-2","volume":"11","author":"D P\u00e9rez-Mongiovi","year":"2015","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Mongiovi D, Teixeira A, Caldas IM (2015) The radiographic visibility of the root pulp of the third lower molar as an age marker. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 11(3):339\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-015-9688-2","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3592_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1731-2","volume":"132","author":"Y Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo Y, Chu G, Olze A et al (2018) Application of age assessment based on the radiographic visibility of the root pulp of lower third molars in a Northern Chinese population. Int J Legal Med 132(3):825\u2013829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-017-1731-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3592_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-019-02036-x","volume":"133","author":"N Akkaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Akkaya N, Y\u0131lanc\u0131 HO, Boyac\u0131o\u011flu H, G\u00f6ks\u00fcl\u00fck D, \u00d6zkan G (2019) Accuracy of the use of radiographic visibility of root pulp in the mandibular third molar as a maturity marker at age thresholds of 18 and 21. Int J Legal Med 133(5):1507\u20131515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-019-02036-x","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3592_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar J, Anggrawal A, Madireddi S, Ghosh S, Verma M (2022) Accuracy of assessing 18, 21, and 25 years of age using Olze et al. stage-based system in an Indian sample of young adults. Legal Med 57(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.legalmed.2022.102061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2022.102061"},{"issue":"5","key":"3592_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02347-4","volume":"134","author":"M Suvarna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suvarna M, Balla SB, Chinni SS et al (2020) Examination of the radiographic visibility of the root pulp of the mandibular second molars as an age marker. Int J Legal Med 134(5):1869\u20131873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-020-02347-4","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3592_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.10605","volume":"74","author":"M Sami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sami M, Memon S, Saher F, Hassan Q (2024) Radiographic association of chronological age based on the root pulp and periodontal ligament visibility in lower second molar teeth in a subset of the Pakistani population. J Pak Med Assoc 74(11):1937\u20131941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47391\/JPMA.10605","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"3592_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.05.004","volume":"253","author":"ZP Ge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ge ZP, Ma RH, Li G, Zhang JZ, Ma XC (2015) Age Estimation based on pulp chamber volume of first molars from cone-beam computed tomography images. Forensic Sci Int 253:133e1 133.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.05.004","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3592_CR19","first-page":"47","volume":"41","author":"RM Vangala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vangala RM, Loshal A, Basa KS et al (2023) Validation of radiographic visibility of root pulp in mandibular first, second and third molars in the prediction of 21 years in a sample of South Indian population: A digital panoramic radiographic study. J Forensic Odonto-Stomatol 41(1):47\u201356","journal-title":"J Forensic Odonto-Stomatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3592_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2018.1549711","volume":"4","author":"DH Ubelaker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ubelaker DH, Khosrowshahi H (2019) Estimation of age in forensic anthropology: historical perspective and recent methodological advances. Forensic Sci Res 4(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20961790.2018.1549711","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Res"},{"key":"3592_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4497849\/v1","author":"W Oliveira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oliveira W, Albuquerque M, Burgardt CAP, Anjos Pontual ML, Zanchettin C (2024) Estimation of human age using machine learning on panoramic radiographs: A pilot study for Brazilian patients. Res Sq. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4497849\/v1","journal-title":"Res Sq"},{"issue":"1","key":"3592_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33(1):159\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2529310","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3592_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-010-0488-7","volume":"124","author":"A Olze","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olze A, Solheim T, Schulz R et al (2010) Assessment of the radiographic visibility of the periodontal ligament in the lower third molars for the purpose of forensic age estimation in living individuals. Int J Legal Med 124(1):445\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-010-0488-7","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3592_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.11.004","volume":"270","author":"VS Lucas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lucas VS, McDonald F, Andiappan M, Roberts G (2017) Dental age estimation \u2013 root pulp visibility (RPV) patterns: a reliable mandibular maturity marker at the 18-year threshold. Forensic Sci Int 270(1):98\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.11.004","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"3592_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13287","volume":"62","author":"GJ Roberts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roberts GJ, Lucas VS, Andiappan M, McDonald F (2017) Dental age estimation: pattern recognition of root canal widths of mandibular molars. A novel mandibular maturity marker at the 18-year threshold. J Forensic Sci 62(2):351\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13287","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03592-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03592-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03592-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T08:10:34Z","timestamp":1768464634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03592-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03592-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of the Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (Under number 70800023,8,0000,5440 and approval opinion number 6,820,594).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}]}}