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A 0.31 T dedicated joint scanner was used, acquiring a proton density-weighted (PDw) sequence in Dixon technique (Dixon) in coronal slice orientation yielding a fat-sensitive water-suppressed (fat-only) and a water-sensitive fat-suppressed (water-only) series. A classification was formulated for assessment and tested against the proven age. The relevant statistics were defined, the intra- and interobserver-agreements were determined, and the differences between the sexes were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The minimum age for stage 6 of the classification was found to be 18.42 years in male individuals and 17.25 years in female individuals. A Mann-Whitney-U Test implies significant sex-related differences for stage 3 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and stage 4 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), but not for stage 2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.162), stage 5 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.193) and stage 6 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.146). The intra- and interobserver-agreement levels were substantial.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When using the presented setting of a low-field 0.31 T dedicated joint scanner, acquiring PDw Dixon fat-only and water-only series of the radius\u2019 distal epiphysis and using the presented classification, majority can be determined in male but not in female individuals of our cohort. Therefore, 0.31 T low-field MRI yields similar opportunities as examinations by means of high-field MRI scanners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-025-03705-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T07:05:47Z","timestamp":1767423947000},"page":"1471-1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Forensic age estimation in the living by 0.31 Tesla low-field MRI of the distal radius"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0512-741X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Ottow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Sottmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Heindel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Helfen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kr\u00e4hling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Schmeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Vieth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"3705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e318272d29f","volume":"47","author":"T Ai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ai T, Morelli JN, Hu X, Hao D, Goerner FL, Ager B, Runge VM (2012) A historical overview of magnetic resonance imaging, focusing on technological innovations. 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