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When photographs are not life size, accurate measurements may be made by converting pixel lengths to millimeters, using a conversion factor, set by an object of known length, such as a line gauge, within the image. When an appropriate scale is not present, the conversion factor may be set by using an anatomical feature of known size. If the anatomical feature holds a narrow range of variation, a sample mean of the feature may, in some cases, suffice as a suitable substitute for an individual\u2019s ground truth dimension. Due to their small variance, sample means of corneal diameter and palpebral fissure length have previously been used as scales, however, the vast published datasets have not been synthesized to triangulate on central tendencies. Herein we review methods and the full breadth of published data for adults and subadults (last five years) to calculate weighted pooled means and standard deviations for each anatomical structure. For the corneal diameter, these were 11.84\u00a0mm and 0.79\u00a0mm respectively (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009296,887 eyes). The weighted pooled mean and standard for the most commonly measured 2D palpebral fissure dimension were 27.4\u00a0mm and 3.2\u00a0mm respectively (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20095,871 eyes). A pilot trial of the pooled palpebral fissure length values for improved focus distance estimation in craniofacial superimposition using\n                    <jats:italic>PerspectiveX<\/jats:italic>\n                    is presented.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-026-03733-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T02:28:16Z","timestamp":1771813696000},"page":"1529-1546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mean human corneal diameter and palpebral fissure lengths as scales for forensic analysis of photographed faces: an analytical review*"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4630-2162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean S.","family":"Healy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8696-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carl N.","family":"Stephan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3733_CR1","volume-title":"Anthropometry of the Head and Face","author":"LG Farkas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farkas LG (1994) Anthropometry of the Head and Face. 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