{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:53:07Z","timestamp":1781686387661,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf. Anstalt \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-026-03764-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T02:47:40Z","timestamp":1773802060000},"page":"2247-2253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immunohistological detection of pentosidine in the epiglottis:A contribution to molecular age estimation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rim","family":"Ouannane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"3764_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-021-00490-9","volume":"31","author":"P B\u00f6hme","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u00f6hme P, Reckert A, Becker J, Ritz-Timme S (2021) Molecular methods for age estimation. Rechtsmedizin 31:177\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00194-021-00490-9","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"3764_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsigen.2024.103142","volume":"74","author":"M Boull\u00f3n-Cassau","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boull\u00f3n-Cassau M, Ambroa-Conde A, Casares de Cal MA, G\u00f3mez-Tato A, Mosquera-Miguel A, Ruiz-Ram\u00edrez J, Cabrejas-Olalla A, Gonz\u00e1lez-Bao J, Casanova-Ad\u00e1n L, de la Puente M, Rodr\u00edguez A, Phillips C, Lareu MV, Freire-Aradas A (2025) Exploring legal age estimation using DNA methylation. Forensic Sci Int Genet 74:103\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsigen.2024.103142","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int Genet"},{"key":"3764_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.819991","volume":"9","author":"H Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan H, Xie Q, Zhang Z, Wang J, Chen X, Qiu P (2022) Chronological age prediction: developmental evaluation of DNA methylation-based machine learning models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 9:819\u2013991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2021.819991","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3764_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065381","volume":"24","author":"M Onofri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Onofri M, Delicati A, Marcante B, Carlini L, Alessandrini F, Tozzo P, Carnevali E (2023) Forensic age estimation through a DNA methylation-based age prediction model in the Italian population: a pilot study. Int J Mol Sci 24(6):53\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24065381","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"3764_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s13258-023-01392-8","volume":"45","author":"J Naue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naue J (2023) Getting the chronological age out of DNA: using insights of age-dependent DNA methylation for forensic DNA applications. Genes Genomics 45(10):1239\u20131261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13258-023-01392-8","journal-title":"Genes Genomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"3764_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-023-02948-9","volume":"137","author":"L K\u00f6nig","year":"2023","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig L, Becker J, Reckert A, Ritz-Timme S (2023) Molecular age estimation based on posttranslational protein modifications in bone: why the type of bone matters. Int J Legal Med 137(2):437\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-023-02948-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3764_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-024-03314-z","volume":"139","author":"J Becker","year":"2025","unstructured":"Becker J, B\u00fchren V, Schmelzer L, Reckert A, Eickhoff SB, Ritz S, Naue J (2025) Molecular age prediction using skull bone samples from individuals with and without signs of decomposition: a multivariate approach combining analysis of posttranslational protein modifications and DNA methylation. Int J Legal Med 139(1):157\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03314-z","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3764_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-021-02522-1","volume":"135","author":"NS Mahlke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahlke NS, Renhart S, Talaa D, Reckert A, Ritz-Timme S (2021) Molecular clocks in ancient proteins: do they reflect the age at death even after millennia? Int J Legal Med 135:1225\u20131233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-021-02522-1","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3764_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B105","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/45.4.b105","volume":"45","author":"VM Monnier","year":"1990","unstructured":"Monnier VM (1990) Nonenzymatic glycosylation, the Maillard reaction and the aging process. J Gerontol 45(4):B105\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/geronj\/45.4.b105","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3764_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000334668","volume":"58","author":"DR Sell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sell DR, Monnier VM (2012) Molecular basis of arterial stiffening: role of glycation - a mini-review. Gerontology 58(3):227\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000334668","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"9","key":"3764_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq074","volume":"65","author":"RD Semba","year":"2010","unstructured":"Semba RD, Nicklett EJ, Ferrucci L (2010) Does accumulation of advanced glycation end products contribute to the aging phenotype? J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci 65(9):963\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glq074","journal-title":"J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"3764_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1191656","volume":"11","author":"N Tanji","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tanji N, Markowitz GS, Fu C, Kislinger T, Taguchi A, Pischetsrieder M, Stern D, Schmidt AM, D\u2019Agati VD (2000) Expression of advanced glycation end products and their cellular receptor RAGE in diabetic nephropathy and nondiabetic renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 11(9):1656\u20131666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.V1191656","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"6865","key":"3764_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/414813a","volume":"414","author":"M Brownlee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brownlee M (2001) Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 414(6865):813\u2013820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/414813a","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"3764_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051591","volume":"44","author":"R Singh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Singh R, Barden A, Mori T, Beilin L (2001) Advanced glycation end-products: a review. Diabetologia 44(2):129\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001250051591","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"3764_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.621854","volume":"114","author":"A Goldin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goldin A, Beckman JA, Schmidt AM, Creager MA (2006) Advanced glycation end products: sparking the development of diabetic vascular injury. Circulation 114(6):597\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.621854","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3764_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verzijl N, DeGroot J, Ben ZC, Brau-Benjamin O, Maroudas A, Bank RA, Mizrahi J, Schalkwijk CG, Thorpe SR, Baynes JW, Bijlsma JW, Lafeber FP, TeKoppele JM (2002) Crosslinking by advanced glycation end products increases the stiffness of the collagen network in human articular cartilage: a possible mechanism through which age is a risk factor for osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 46(1):114\u2013123.","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200201)46:1<114::AID-ART10025>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"issue":"7","key":"3764_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI14002","volume":"108","author":"AM Schmidt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schmidt AM, Yan SD, Yan SF, Stern DM (2001) The multiligand receptor RAGE as a progression factor amplifying immune and inflammatory responses. J Clin Invest 108(7):949\u2013955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI14002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3764_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1433.044","volume":"1126","author":"R Sanguineti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanguineti R, Storace D, Monacelli F, Federici A, Odetti P (2008) Pentosidine effects on human osteoblasts in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1126:166\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1433.044","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3764_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23073439","volume":"23","author":"M Steenbeke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Steenbeke M, Speeckaert R, Desmedt S, Glorieux G, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM (2022) The role of advanced glycation end products and its soluble receptor in kidney diseases. Int J Mol Sci 23(7):34\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23073439","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3764_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2004.09.004","volume":"67","author":"N Ahmed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ahmed N (2005) Advanced glycation endproducts \u2013 role in pathology of diabetic complications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 67(1):3\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2004.09.004","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"3764_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfaa023","volume":"5","author":"KL O\u2019Grady","year":"2020","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady KL, Khosla S, Farr JN, Bondar OP, Atkinson EJ, Achenbach SJ, Eckhardt BA, Thicke BS, Tweed AJ, Volkman TL, Drake MT, Hines JM, Singh RJ (2020) Development and application of mass spectroscopy assays for N\u03b5-(1-carboxymethyl)-L-lysine and pentosidine in renal failure and diabetes. J Appl Lab Med 5(3):558\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jalm\/jfaa023","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3764_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.014","volume":"28","author":"J Chaudhuri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chaudhuri J, Bains Y, Guha S, Kahn A, Hall D, Bose N, Gugliucci A, Kapahi P (2018) The role of advanced glycation end products in aging and metabolic diseases: bridging association and causality. Cell Metab 28(3):337\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.014","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"3764_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-007-0484-9","volume":"40","author":"N Nass","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nass N, Bartling B, Navarrete Santos A, Scheubel RJ, B\u00f6rgermann J, Silber RE, Simm A (2007) Advanced glycation end products, diabetes and ageing. Z F\u00fcr Gerontol Geriatr 40(5):349\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00391-007-0484-9","journal-title":"Z F\u00fcr Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"3764_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.10.1286","volume":"41","author":"DR Sell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sell DR, Lapolla A, Odetti P, Fogarty J, Monnier VM (1992) Pentosidine formation in skin correlates with severity of complications in individuals with long-standing IDDM. Diabetes 41(10):1286\u20131292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diab.41.10.1286","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"3764_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116552","volume":"92","author":"PJ Beisswenger","year":"1993","unstructured":"Beisswenger PJ, Moore LL, Brinck-Johnsen T, Curphey TJ (1993) Increased collagen-linked pentosidine levels and advanced glycosylation end products in early diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Invest 92(1):212\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI116552","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3764_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sakata N, Noma A, Yamamoto Y, Okamoto K, Meng J, Takebayashi S, Nagai R, Horiuchi S (2003) Modification of elastin by pentosidine is associated with the calcification of aortic media in patients with end-stage renal disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. ;18(8):1601\u20131609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfg200. PMID: 12897101","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg200"},{"key":"3764_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6647","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6647773","volume":"2021","author":"H Pageon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pageon H, Zucchi H, Ricois S, Bastien P, Asselineau D (2021) UVA exposure combined with glycation of the dermis are two catalysts for skin aging and promotes a favorable environment to the appearance of elastosis. J Aging Res 2021:6647\u20136773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6647773","journal-title":"J Aging Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"3764_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10257","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.22.10257","volume":"88","author":"RH Nagaraj","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nagaraj RH, Sell DR, Prabhakaram M, Ortwerth BJ, Monnier VM (1991) High correlation between pentosidine protein crosslinks and pigmentation implicates ascorbate oxidation in human lens senescence and cataractogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(22):10257\u201310261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.88.22.10257","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5","key":"3764_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/s0886-3350(02)01841-2","volume":"29","author":"S Franke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Franke S, Dawczynski J, Strobel J, Niwa T, Stahl P, Stein G (2003) Increased levels of advanced glycation end products in human cataractous lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 29(5):998\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0886-3350(02)01841-2","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3764_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20060579","volume":"399","author":"SS Sivan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sivan SS, Tsitron E, Wachtel E, Roughley P, Sakkee N, van der Ham F, Degroot J, Maroudas A (2006) Age-related accumulation of pentosidine in aggrecan and collagen from normal and degenerate human intervertebral discs. Biochem J 399(1):29\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BJ20060579","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"10","key":"3764_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02374476","volume":"36","author":"DR Sell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sell DR, Carlson EC, Monnier VM (1993) Differential effects of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus on pentosidine formation in skin and glomerular basement membrane. Diabetologia 36(10):936\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02374476","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"3764_CR32","first-page":"775","volume":"40","author":"JT Handa","year":"1999","unstructured":"Handa JT, Verzijl N, Matsunaga H, Aotaki-Keen A, Lutty GA, te Koppele JM, Miyata T, Hjelmeland LM (1999) Increase in the advanced glycation end product pentosidine in Bruch\u2019s membrane with age. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40(3):775\u2013779","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3764_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4837876\/v1","volume":"235","author":"M Rodriguez-Teja","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Teja M, Gronau JH, Breit C, Zhang YZ, Minamidate A, Caley MP, McCarthy A, Cox TR, Erler JT, Gaughan L, Darby (2015) Steven, Robson, Mauri, Waxmann, Sturge AGE-modified basement membrane cooperates with Endo180 to promote epithelial cell invasiveness and decrease prostate cancer survival. J Pathol 235(4):581\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4837876\/v1","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3764_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-018-1908-3","volume":"132","author":"A Valenzuela","year":"2018","unstructured":"Valenzuela A, Guerra-Hern\u00e1ndez E, Rufi\u00e1n-Henares J\u00c1, M\u00e1rquez-Ruiz AB, Hougen HP, Garc\u00eda-Villanova B (2018) Differences in non-enzymatic glycation products in human dentine and clavicle: changes with aging. Int J Legal Med 132(6):1749\u20131758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-018-1908-3","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3764_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-017-1671-x","volume":"132","author":"F Greis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Greis F, Reckert A, Fischer K, Ritz-Timme S (2018) Analysis of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in dentine: useful for age estimation? Int J Legal Med 132(3):799\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-017-1671-x","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3764_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512470617","volume":"41","author":"P Hansen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hansen P, Kovanen V, H\u00f6lmich P, Krogsgaard M, Hansson P, Dahl M, Hald M, Aagaard P, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP (2013) Micromechanical properties and collagen composition of ruptured human achilles tendon. Am J Sports Med 41(2):437\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0363546512470617","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3764_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9665","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-014-9665-9","volume":"36","author":"C Coupp\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coupp\u00e9 C, Svensson RB, Grosset JF, Kovanen V, Nielsen RH, Olsen MR, Larsen JO, Praet SF, Skovgaard D, Hansen M, Aagaard P, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP (2014) Life-long endurance running is associated with reduced glycation and mechanical stress in connective tissue. Age (Dordr) 36(4):9665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-014-9665-9","journal-title":"Age (Dordr)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3764_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-019-02054-9","volume":"134","author":"J Becker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Becker J, Mahlke NS, Reckert A, Eickhoff SB, Ritz-Timme S (2020) Age estimation based on different molecular clocks in several tissues and a multivariate approach: an explorative study. Int J Legal Med 134(2):721\u2013733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-019-02054-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3764_CR39","first-page":"60","volume":"52","author":"A Pillin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pillin A, Pudil F, Bencko V, Bezd\u00edckov\u00e1 D (2007) Contents of pentosidine in the tissue of the intervertebral disc as an indicator of the human age. Soud Lek 52(4):60\u201364","journal-title":"Soud Lek"},{"issue":"3","key":"3764_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3164\/jcbn.10-50","volume":"47","author":"H Hashimoto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hashimoto H, Arai K, Chikuda M, Obara Y (2010) Relationship between Pentosidine and Pyridinoline Levels in Human Diabetic Cataract Lenses. J Clin Biochem Nutr 47(3):233\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3164\/jcbn.10-50","journal-title":"J Clin Biochem Nutr"},{"key":"3764_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-3011-4","volume":"20","author":"Y Kida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kida Y, Saito M, Shinohara A, Soshi S, Marumo K (2019) Non-invasive skin autofluorescence, blood and urine assays of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) pentosidine as an indirect indicator of AGE content in human bone. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20:627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-019-3011-4","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3764_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4172\/2329-8847.1000112","volume":"1","author":"H Pageon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pageon H, Poum\u00e8s-Ballihaut C, Zucchi H, Bastien P, Tancrede E, Asselineau D (2013) Aged human skin is more susceptible than young skin to accumulate advanced glycoxidation products induced by sun exposure. J Aging Sci 1(3):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2329-8847.1000112","journal-title":"J Aging Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3764_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.37506\/ijfmt.v15i2.14301","volume":"15","author":"C Kanicnan Intui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanicnan Intui C, Jaikang S, Watcharakhom Y, Amornlertwatana (2021) Estimation of chronological age from advanced glycation end products level in vitreous fluid. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 15(2):188\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37506\/ijfmt.v15i2.14301","journal-title":"Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol"},{"key":"3764_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-021-00489-2","author":"J Becker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Becker J, Naue J, Reckert A, B\u00f6hme P, Ritz-Timme S (2021) Rechtsmedizin 31(3):234\u2013242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00194-021-00489-2. Exploiting age information from posttranslational protein modifications and DNA methylation for postmortem age estimation - concept and results of a pilot study"},{"issue":"7","key":"3764_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073158","volume":"26","author":"B Marcante","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marcante B, Marino L, Cattaneo NE, Delicati A, Tozzo P, Caenazzo L (2025) Advancing forensic human chronological age estimation: biochemical, genetic, and epigenetic approaches from the last 15 years: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 26(7):3158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26073158","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3764_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.3.m137","volume":"55","author":"M Takahashi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takahashi M, Oikawa M, Nagano A (2000) Effect of age and menopause on serum concentrations of pentosidine, an advanced glycation end product. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci 55(3):137\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/55.3.m137","journal-title":"J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3764_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0101-y","volume":"20","author":"MS Hipp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hipp MS, Kasturi P, Hartl FU (2019) The proteostasis network and its decline in ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 20(7):421\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-019-0101-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"50","key":"3764_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31902","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2018138117","volume":"117","author":"N Sabath","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sabath N, Levy-Adam F, Younis A, Rozales K, Meller A, Hadar S, Soueid-Baumgarten S, Shalgi R (2020) Cellular proteostasis decline in human senescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117(50):31902\u201331913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2018138117","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"3764_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-011116-110806","volume":"85","author":"FU Hartl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hartl FU (2016) Cellular Homeostasis and Aging. Annu Rev Biochem 85(1):1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-biochem-011116-110806","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"issue":"24","key":"3764_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7275","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275072","volume":"595","author":"LCD Pomatto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA (2017) The role of declining adaptive homeostasis in ageing. J Physiol 595(24):7275\u20137309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP275072","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3764_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2003.05618.x","volume":"149","author":"S Ritz-Timme","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ritz-Timme S, Laumeier I, Collins MJ (2003) Aspartic acid racemization: evidence for marked longevity of elastin in human skin. Br J Dermatol 149(5):951\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2003.05618.x","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3764_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-009-0392-1","volume":"124","author":"RC Dobberstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dobberstein RC, Tung SM, Ritz-Timme S (2010) Aspartic acid racemisation in purified elastin from arteries as basis for age estimation. Int J Legal Med 124(4):269\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-009-0392-1","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3764_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-002-0355-2","volume":"117","author":"S Ritz-Timme","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ritz-Timme S, Laumeier I, Collins M (2003) Age estimation based on aspartic acid racemization in elastin from the yellow ligaments. Int J Legal Med 117(2):96\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-002-0355-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3764_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sell DR, Nagaraj RH, Grandhee SK, Odetti P, Lapolla A, Fogarty J, Monnier VM (1991) Pentosidine: a molecular marker for the cumulative damage to proteins in diabetes, aging, and uremia. Diabetes Metab Rev. ;7(4): 239\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmr.5610070404. PMID: 1813279","DOI":"10.1002\/dmr.5610070404"},{"issue":"50","key":"3764_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39027","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006700200","volume":"275","author":"N Verzijl","year":"2000","unstructured":"Verzijl N, DeGroot J, Thorpe SR, Bank RA, Shaw JN, Lyons TJ, Bijlsma JW, Lafeber FP, Baynes JW, TeKoppele JM (2000) Effect of collagen turnover on the accumulation of advanced glycation end products. J Biol Chem 275(50):39027\u201339031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M006700200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"3764_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e110948","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110948","volume":"9","author":"G Fessel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fessel G, Li Y, Diederich V, Guizar-Sicairos M, Schneider P, Sell DR, Monnier VM, Snedeker JG (2014) Advanced glycation end-products reduce collagen molecular sliding to affect collagen fibril damage mechanisms but not stiffness. PLoS ONE 9(11):e110948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0110948","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"3764_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03325227","volume":"21","author":"RD Semba","year":"2009","unstructured":"Semba RD, Ferrucci L, Sun K, Beck J, Dalal M, Varadhan R, Walston J, Guralnik JM, Fried LP (2009) Advanced glycation end products and their circulating receptors predict cardiovascular disease mortality in older community-dwelling women. Aging Clin Exp Res 21(2):182\u2013190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03325227","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3764_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/03790738(95)01834-4","volume":"77","author":"S Ritz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ritz S, Turzynski A, Sch\u00fctz HW, Hollmann A, Rochholz G (1996) Identification of osteocalcin as a permanent aging constituent of the bone matrix: basis for an accurate age at death determination. Forensic Sci Int 77(1\u20132):13\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/03790738(95)01834-4","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03764-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03764-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03764-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:04:12Z","timestamp":1781683452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03764-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03764-7","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s00194-021-00489-2","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for a doctoral degree.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human tissue were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards (approved by the ethics committee at the Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University: 6191R).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The ethical committee of the Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf approved the study, including human tissues. Animal experiments werenot performed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human participants and\/or animals"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}