{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:41:11Z","timestamp":1793716871172,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010612","name":"Duzce University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010612","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Legal Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-026-03785-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T11:26:02Z","timestamp":1775647562000},"page":"2277-2285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Forensic age estimation at the 15- and 18-year thresholds using MRI of the wrist: application of the Vieth staging method"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Ozkan","family":"Alatas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u0131dvan","family":"Binici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat Serdar","family":"Gurses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2963-2696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Busra","family":"Has","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umit","family":"Belet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/19478385","volume":"40","author":"AS Panchbhai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Panchbhai AS (2011) Dental radiographic indicators, a key to age estimation. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 40(4):199\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr\/19478385","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"3785_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B\u00fcken B, Erzengin OU, B\u00fcken E, Safak AA, Yazici B, Erkol Z (2009) Comparison of the three age estimation methods: which is more reliable for Turkish children? Forensic Sci Int 183(1\u20133). http:\/\/103.e1\u2013103.e1037, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2008.10.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2008.10.012"},{"key":"3785_CR3","unstructured":"UNHCR Asylum levels and trends in industrialized countries (2014) http:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/551128679.html"},{"key":"3785_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.05.006","volume":"34","author":"R Cameriere","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cameriere R, De Luca S, Cingolani M, Ferrante L (2015) Measurements of developing teeth, and carpals and epiphyses of the ulna and radius for assessing new cut-offs at the age thresholds of 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 years. J Forensic Leg Med 34:50\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2015.05.006","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"3785_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vieira DN (ed) (2011) Forensic Medicine - from old problems to new challenges. InTech. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/661","DOI":"10.5772\/661"},{"key":"3785_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-008-0254-2","volume":"122","author":"A Schmeling","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Grundmann C, Fuhrmann A, Kaatsch HJ, Knell B, Ramsthaler F, Reisinger W, Riepert T, Ritz-Timme S, R\u00f6sing FW, R\u00f6tzscher K, Geserick G (2008) Criteria for age estimation in living individuals. Int J Legal Med 122:457\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-008-0254-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3785_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-009-0322-2","volume":"123","author":"F Ramsthaler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramsthaler F, Proschek P, Betz W, Verhoff MA (2009) How reliable are the risk estimates for x-ray examinations in forensic age estimations? A safety update. Int J Legal Med 123(3):199\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-009-0322-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3785_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S367","DOI":"10.1016\/S1344-6223(02)00134-7","volume":"5","author":"A Schmeling","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Olze A, Reisinger W, K\u00f6nig M, Geserick G (2003) Statistical analysis and verification of forensic age estimation of living persons in the Institute of Legal Medicine of the Berlin University Hospital Charit\u00e9. Leg Med (Tokyo) 5(Suppl 1):S367\u2013S371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1344-6223(02)00134-7","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3785_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-020-02364-3","volume":"134","author":"T Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu T, Shi L, Zhan MJ, Fan F, Peng Z, Zhang K, Deng ZH (2020) Age estimation based on magnetic resonance imaging of the ankle joint in a modern Chinese Han population. Int J Legal Med 134(5):1843\u20131852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-020-02364-3","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3785_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-007-0160-z","volume":"121","author":"S Schmidt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmidt S, M\u00fchler M, Schmeling A, Reisinger W, Schulz R (2007) Magnetic resonance imaging of the clavicular ossification. Int J Legal Med 121:321\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-007-0160-z","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3785_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.013","volume":"217","author":"F Dedouit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dedouit F, Auriol J, Rousseau H, Roug\u00e9 D, Crub\u00e9zy E, Telmon N (2012) Age assessment by magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: a preliminary study. Forensic Sci Int 217:232e1\u2013232e. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.11.013. 7","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"3785_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.05.008","volume":"241","author":"V Vieth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vieth V, Schulz R, Brinkmeier P, Dvorak J, Schmeling A (2014) Age estimation in U-20 football players using 3.0 tesla MRI of the clavicle. Forensic Sci Int 241:118\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.05.008","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"3785_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-014-0967-3","volume":"128","author":"JA Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer JA, Schmidt S, J\u00fcrgens K-U, Lentschig M, Schmeling A, Vieth V (2014) Forensic age estimation in living individuals using 3.0T MRI of the distal femur. Int J Legal Med 128(3):509\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-014-0967-3","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3785_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-014-9559-2","volume":"10","author":"JA Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kr\u00e4mer JA, Schmidt S, J\u00fcrgens K-U, Lentschig M, Schmeling A, Vieth V (2014) The use of magnetic resonance imaging to examine ossification of the proximal tibial epiphysis for forensic age estimation in living individuals. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 10(3):306\u2013313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-014-9559-2","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"3785_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2020.101767","volume":"47","author":"HB Altinsoy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Altinsoy HB, Gurses MS, Bogan M, Unlu NE (2020) Applicability of 3.0 T MRI images in the estimation of full age based on shoulder joint ossification: single-centre study. Leg Med (Tokyo) 47:101767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.legalmed.2020.101767","journal-title":"Leg Med (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3785_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-014-1020-2","volume":"129","author":"P Saint-Martin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saint-Martin P, R\u00e9rolle C, Pucheux J, Dedouit F, Telmon N (2015) Contribution of distal femur MRI to the determination of the 18-year limit in forensic age estimation. Int J Legal Med 129(3):619\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-014-1020-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3785_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s12024-014-9548-5","volume":"10","author":"D Wittschieber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wittschieber D, Vieth V, Timme M, Dvorak J, Schmeling A (2014) Magnetic resonance imaging of the iliac crest: age estimation in under-20 soccer players. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 10(2):198\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12024-014-9548-5","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Med Pathol"},{"key":"3785_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-013-0844-5","volume":"127","author":"P Saint-Martin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saint-Martin P, R\u00e9rolle C, Dedouit F, Bouilleau L, Rousseau H, Roug\u00e9 D, Telmon N (2013) Age estimation by magnetic resonance imaging of the distal tibial epiphysis and the calcaneum. Int J Legal Med 127:1023\u20131030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-013-0844-5","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3785_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031021","volume":"41","author":"J Dvorak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dvorak J, George J, Junge A, Hodler J (2007) Age determination by magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist in adolescent male football players. Br J Sports Med 41(1):45\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2006.031021","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3785_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033431","volume":"41","author":"J Dvorak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dvorak J, George J, Junge A, Hodler J (2007) Application of MRI of the wrist for age determination in international U-17 soccer competitions. Br J Sports Med 41(8):497\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2006.033431","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3785_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24286","volume":"39","author":"E Tomei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tomei E, Sartori A, Nissman D, Al Ansari N, Battisti S, Rubini A, Stagnitti A, Martino M, Marini M, Barbato E, Semelka RC (2014) Value of MRI of the hand and the wrist in evaluation of bone age: preliminary results. J Magn Reson Imaging 39(5):1198\u20131205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.24286","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-021-02505-2","volume":"135","author":"O Ekizoglu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ekizoglu O, Er A, Bozdag M, Moghaddam N, Grabherr S (2021) Forensic age estimation based on fast spin-echo proton density (FSE PD)-weighted MRI of the distal radial epiphysis. Int J Legal Med 135(4):1611\u20131616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-021-02505-2","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3785_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-019-02189-9","volume":"134","author":"A Er","year":"2020","unstructured":"Er A, Bozdag M, Basa CD, Kacmaz IE, Ekizoglu O (2020) Estimating forensic age via magnetic resonance imaging of the distal radial epiphysis. Int J Legal Med 134(1):375\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-019-02189-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3785_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-016-1502-5","volume":"131","author":"M Timme","year":"2017","unstructured":"Timme M, Ottow C, Schulz R, Pfeiffer H, Heindel W, Vieth V, Schmeling A, Schmidt S (2017) Magnetic resonance imaging of the distal radial epiphysis: a new criterion of maturity for determining whether the age of 18 has been completed? Int J Legal Med 131(2):579\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-016-1502-5","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3785_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-017-5281-2","volume":"28","author":"V Vieth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vieth V, Schulz R, Heindel W, Pfeiffer H, Buerke B, Schmeling A, Ottow C (2018) Forensic age assessment by 3.0T MRI of the knee: proposal of a new MRI classification of ossification stages. Eur Radiol 28(8):3255\u20133262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-017-5281-2","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3785_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/00450618.2020.1743357","volume":"53","author":"MS Gurses","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gurses MS, Altinsoy HB (2020) Evaluation of distal femoral epiphysis and proximal tibial epiphysis ossification using the Vieth method in living individuals: applicability in the estimation of forensic age. Aust J Forensic Sci 53(4):431\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00450618.2020.1743357","journal-title":"Aust J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"3785_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-020-00432-x","volume":"31","author":"O Alatas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alatas O, Alt\u0131nsoy HB, Gurses MS, Balci A (2021) Evaluation of knee ossification on 1.5 T magnetic resonance images using the method of Vieth et al. Rechtsmedizin 31:50\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00194-020-00432-x","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"issue":"3","key":"3785_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-021-02766-x","volume":"136","author":"D Wittschieber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wittschieber D, Chitavishvili N, Papageorgiou I, Malich A, Mall G, Mentzel HJ (2022) Magnetic resonance imaging of the proximal tibial epiphysis is suitable for statements as to the question of majority: a validation study in forensic age diagnostics. Int J Legal Med 136(3):777\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-021-02766-x","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3785_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-022-02927-6","volume":"137","author":"N Chitavishvili","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chitavishvili N, Papageorgiou I, Malich A, Hahnemann ML, Mall G, Mentzel HJ, Wittschieber D (2023) The distal femoral epiphysis in forensic age diagnostics: studies on the evaluation of the ossification process by means of T1- and PD\/T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Legal Med 137(2):427\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-022-02927-6","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3785_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-021-00459-8","volume":"32","author":"HB Altinsoy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Altinsoy HB, Gurses MS (2022) Applicability of proximal humeral epiphysis ossification for forensic age estimation according to the Vieth method: a 3.0 T MRI study. Rechtsmedizin 32:26\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00194-021-00459-8","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"issue":"1143","key":"3785_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220561","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20220561","volume":"96","author":"B Has","year":"2023","unstructured":"Has B, Gurses MS, Altinsoy HB (2023) Evaluation of distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyseal plate in bone age estimation with 3.0 T MRI: a comparison of current methods. Br J Radiol 96(1143):20220561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20220561","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"3785_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-023-03010-4","volume":"137","author":"MS Gurses","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gurses MS, Has B, Altinsoy HB, Suzen HS (2023) Evaluation of distal tibial epiphysis and calcaneal epiphysis according to the Vieth method in 3.0 T magnetic resonance images: a pilot study. Int J Legal Med 137:1181\u20131191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-023-03010-4","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3785_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7956","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08819-y","volume":"32","author":"C Ottow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ottow C, Schmidt S, Heindel W, Pfeiffer H, Buerke B, Schmeling A, Vieth V (2022) Forensic age assessment by 3.0 T MRI of the wrist: adaption of the Vieth classification. Eur Radiol 32(11):7956\u20137964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-022-08819-y","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3785_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-024-03342-9","volume":"139","author":"O Ekizoglu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ekizoglu O, Er A, Bozdag M, Grabherr S (2025) Application of Vieth staging in forensic age estimation in the living using MRI of the distal radial epiphysis. Int J Legal Med 139(1):237\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-024-03342-9","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3785_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ottow C, Schmidt S, Schulz R, Sottmann L, Heindel W, Helfen A, Kr\u00e4hling T, Pfeiffer H, Schmeling A, Vieth V (Published online January 2, 2026) Forensic age estimation in the living by 0.31 Tesla low-field MRI of the distal radius. Int J Legal Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-025-03705-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-025-03705-w"},{"key":"3785_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159\u2013174","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"3785_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-005-0007-4","volume":"120","author":"A Schmeling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Schulz R, Danner B, R\u00f6sing FW (2006) The impact of economic progress and modernization in medicine on the ossification of hand and wrist. Int J Legal Med 120(2):121\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-005-0007-4","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"3785_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.09.008","volume":"193","author":"E Cunha","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cunha E, Baccino E, Martrille L, Ramsthaler F, Prieto J, Schuliar Y, Lynnerup N, Cattaneo C (2009) The problem of aging human remains and living individuals: a review. Forensic Sci Int 193:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.09.008","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"3785_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s004149900102","volume":"113","author":"A Schmeling","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmeling A, Reisinger W, Loreck D, Vendura K, Markus W, Geserick G (2000) Effects of ethnicity on skeletal maturation: consequences for forensic age estimations. Int J Legal Med 113(5):253\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004149900102","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Legal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03785-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03785-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03785-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T08:03:36Z","timestamp":1781683416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03785-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["3785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00414-026-03785-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0937-9827","1437-1596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0937-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the \u0130zmir City Hospital Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2026-66). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics"}},{"value":"Given the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the institutional ethics committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}