{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T05:55:41Z","timestamp":1778824541368,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]],"date-time":"2009-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5337-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,30]],"date-time":"2009-09-30T10:35:34Z","timestamp":1254306934000},"page":"410-418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Predictors and prevalence of low bone mineral density in fully ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"257","author":[{"given":"Linn Hofs\u00f8y","family":"Steffensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Svein Ivar","family":"Mellgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margitta T.","family":"Kampman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5337_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.08.031","volume":"276","author":"A Altintas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Altintas A, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Benbir G, Demir M, Purisa S (2008) The role of osteopontin: a shared pathway in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and osteoporosis? J Neurol Sci 276:41\u201344","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"5337_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-006-0178-4","volume":"27","author":"G Aydin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aydin G, Atalar E, Keles I, Tosun A, Zog G, Keles H, Orkun S (2006) Predictive value of grip strength for bone mineral density in males: site specific or systemic? Rheumatol Int 27:125\u2013129","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"5337_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-003-1562-5","volume":"15","author":"KE Bainbridge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bainbridge KE, Sowers M, Lin X, Harlow SD (2004) Risk factors for low bone mineral density and the 6-year rate of bone loss among premenopausal and perimenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 15:439\u2013446","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"5337_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.12.029","volume":"116","author":"HA Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, Dawson-Hughes B (2004) Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults. Am J Med 116:634\u2013639","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"5337_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59259-659-1","volume-title":"Bone densitometry in clinical practice. Application and interpretation","author":"SL Bonnick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bonnick SL (2004) Bone densitometry in clinical practice. Application and interpretation. Humana Press Inc, Totowa"},{"key":"5337_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.4.1161","volume":"51","author":"F Cosman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cosman F, Nieves J, Komar L, Ferrer G, Herbert J, Formica C, Shen V, Lindsay R (1998) Fracture history and bone loss in patients with MS. Neurology 51:1161\u20131165","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5337_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi258","volume":"162","author":"N Emaus","year":"2005","unstructured":"Emaus N, Berntsen GK, Joakimsen RM, Fonnebo V (2005) Longitudinal changes in forearm bone mineral density in women and men aged 25\u201344\u00a0years: the Tromso study: a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 162:633\u2013643","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"5337_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900309","volume":"61","author":"CA Formica","year":"1997","unstructured":"Formica CA, Cosman F, Nieves J, Herbert J, Lindsay R (1997) Reduced bone mass and fat-free mass in women with multiple sclerosis: effects of ambulatory status and glucocorticoid use. Calcif Tissue Int 61:129\u2013133","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"5337_CR9","unstructured":"Helsedirektoratet (2008) [Recommended intake of vitamin D and calcium]. Available at: http:\/\/www.shdir.no . Accessed 6 July 2009"},{"key":"5337_CR10","first-page":"S87","volume":"12","author":"J Herbert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Herbert J, Jakubowska-Sadowska K, Russell HK, Kasten LE, Layer N, Glueck A, Frankel M, Fromm JT, DelBene M (2006) The timed tandem walk is a more informative measure of mild impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis than the 25-foot walk. Mult Scler 12:S87 Abstract","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"5337_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007702872","volume":"10","author":"A Hjartaker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hjartaker A, Andersen LF, Lund E (2007) Comparison of diet measures from a food-frequency questionnaire with measures from repeated 24-h dietary recalls. The Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. Public Health Nutr 10:1094\u20131103","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"5337_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","volume":"357","author":"MF Holick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holick MF (2007) Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 357:266\u2013281","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5337_CR13","first-page":"ii126","volume":"253","author":"C Hotermans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hotermans C, Dive D, Rinkin M, Leroy M, Malaise M, Moonen G, Franchimont N (2006) Hip bone mineral density is correlated with EDSS in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 253:ii126 Abstract","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"5337_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1159\/000122330","volume":"30","author":"MT Kampman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kampman MT, Brustad M (2008) Vitamin D: a candidate for the environmental effect in multiple sclerosis\u2014observations from Norway. Neuroepidemiology 30:140\u2013146","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"5337_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-009-0275-y","volume":"178","author":"MT Kampman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kampman MT, Steffensen LH (2009) Comment on Shuhaibar et al.: favourable effect of immunomodulator therapy on bone mineral density in multiple sclerosis. Ir J Med Sci 178:235\u2013236","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"key":"5337_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0395-5","volume":"254","author":"MT Kampman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kampman MT, Wilsgaard T, Mellgren SI (2007) Outdoor activities and diet in childhood and adolescence relate to MS risk above the Arctic Circle. J Neurol 254:471\u2013477","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"5337_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","volume":"33","author":"JF Kurtzke","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kurtzke JF (1983) Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 33:1444\u20131452","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5337_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-005-0008-9","volume":"7","author":"EM Lewiecki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lewiecki EM (2005) Premenopausal bone health assessment. Curr Rheumatol Rep 7:46\u201352","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"5337_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032","volume":"50","author":"WI McDonald","year":"2001","unstructured":"McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G, Goodkin D, Hartung HP, Lublin FD, McFarland HF, Paty DW, Polman CH, Reingold SC, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Sibley W, Thompson A, van den NS, Weinshenker BY, Wolinsky JS (2001) Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 50:121\u2013127","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"5337_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803622","volume":"31","author":"KB Michels","year":"2007","unstructured":"Michels KB, Willett WC, Graubard BI, Vaidya RL, Cantwell MM, Sansbury LB, Forman MR (2007) A longitudinal study of infant feeding and obesity throughout life course. Int J Obes (Lond) 31:1078\u20131085","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"5337_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2007.10.0159","volume":"45","author":"MC Mojtahedi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mojtahedi MC, Snook EM, Motl RW, Evans EM (2008) Bone health in ambulatory individuals with multiple sclerosis: impact of physical activity, glucocorticoid use, and body composition. J Rehabil Res Dev 45:851\u2013861","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"5337_CR22","unstructured":"MSFC administration and scoring manual. Available at: http:\/\/www.nationalmssociety.org . Accessed 6 July 2009"},{"key":"5337_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.23.2832","volume":"296","author":"KL Munger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Munger KL, Levin LI, Hollis BW, Howard NS, Ascherio A (2006) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. JAMA 296:2832\u20132838","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5337_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.9.1687","volume":"44","author":"J Nieves","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nieves J, Cosman F, Herbert J, Shen V, Lindsay R (1994) High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 44:1687\u20131692","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5337_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431307","volume":"343","author":"JH Noseworthy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG (2000) Multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 343:938\u2013952","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5337_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-005-0604-9","volume":"23","author":"S Ozgocmen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ozgocmen S, Bulut S, Ilhan N, Gulkesen A, Ardicoglu O, Ozkan Y (2005) Vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mineral density in multiple sclerosis: effect of ambulatory status and functional capacity. J Bone Miner Metab 23:309\u2013313","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"5337_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39050.597350.47","volume":"333","author":"KE Poole","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poole KE, Compston JE (2006) Osteoporosis and its management. BMJ 333:1251\u20131256","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"5337_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp042092","volume":"353","author":"LG Raisz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Raisz LG (2005) Clinical practice. Screening for osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 353:164\u2013171","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5337_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1996.00550080071014","volume":"53","author":"SR Schwid","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schwid SR, Goodman AD, Puzas JE, McDermott MP, Mattson DH (1996) Sporadic corticosteroid pulses and osteoporosis in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 53:753\u2013757","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"5337_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2004.05.012","volume":"348","author":"JJ Stepan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stepan JJ, Havrdova E, Tyblova M, Horakova D, Ticha V, Novakova I, Zikan V (2004) Markers of bone remodeling predict rate of bone loss in multiple sclerosis patients treated with low dose glucocorticoids. Clin Chim Acta 348:147\u2013154","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"5337_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2062","volume":"7","author":"H Takayanagi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takayanagi H (2007) Osteoimmunology: shared mechanisms and crosstalk between the immune and bone systems. Nat Rev Immunol 7:292\u2013304","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5337_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070050","volume":"11","author":"A Tenenhouse","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tenenhouse A, Joseph L, Kreiger N, Poliquin S, Murray TM, Blondeau L, Berger C, Hanley DA, Prior JC (2000) Estimation of the prevalence of low bone density in Canadian women and men using a population-specific DXA reference standard: the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos). Osteoporos Int 11:897\u2013904","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"5337_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms966oa","volume":"9","author":"S Tuzun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tuzun S, Altintas A, Karacan I, Tangurek S, Saip S, Siva A (2003) Bone status in multiple sclerosis: beyond corticosteroids. Mult Scler 9:600\u2013604","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"5337_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1659-5","volume":"16","author":"A Vainionpaa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vainionpaa A, Korpelainen R, Leppaluoto J, Jamsa T (2005) Effects of high-impact exercise on bone mineral density: a randomized controlled trial in premenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 16:191\u2013197","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"5337_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0969","volume":"15","author":"IAF Mei van der","year":"2006","unstructured":"van der Mei IAF, Blizzard L, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T (2006) Validity and reliability of adult recall of past sun exposure in a case\u2013control study of multiple sclerosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1538\u20131544","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"5337_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-006-0315-8","volume":"254","author":"IAF Mei van der","year":"2007","unstructured":"van der Mei IAF, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T, Blizzard L, Taylor BV, Kilpatrick T, Butzkueven H, McMichael AJ (2007) Vitamin D levels in people with multiple sclerosis and community controls in Tasmania, Australia. J Neurol 254:581\u2013590","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"5337_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.29.3.305","volume":"29","author":"SF Vondracek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vondracek SF, Hansen LB, McDermott MT (2009) Osteoporosis risk in premenopausal women. Pharmacotherapy 29:305\u2013317","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"5337_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms993oa","volume":"10","author":"B Weinstock-Guttman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weinstock-Guttman B, Gallagher E, Baier M, Green L, Feichter J, Patrick K, Miller C, Wrest K, Ramanathan M (2004) Risk of bone loss in men with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 10:170\u2013175","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"5337_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458506070605","volume":"12","author":"B Weinstock-Guttman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weinstock-Guttman B, Hong J, Santos R, Tamano-Blanco M, Badgett D, Patrick K, Baier M, Feichter J, Gallagher E, Garg N, Ramanathan M (2006) Interferon-beta modulates bone-associated cytokines and osteoclast precursor activity in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 12:541\u2013550","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"5337_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:7:1:17","volume":"7","author":"Writing group for the ISCD position developement conference","year":"2004","unstructured":"Writing group for the ISCD position developement conference (2004) Diagnosis of osteoporosis in men, premenopausal women, and children. J Clin Densitom 7:17\u201326","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"5337_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2005.00988.x","volume":"12","author":"M Zorzon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zorzon M, Zivadinov R, Locatelli L, Giuntini D, Toncic M, Bosco A, Nasuelli D, Bratina A, Tommasi MA, Rudick RA, Cazzato G (2005) Long-term effects of intravenous high dose methylprednisolone pulses on bone mineral density in patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 12:550\u2013556","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-009-5337-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-009-5337-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-009-5337-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T12:49:48Z","timestamp":1739364588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-009-5337-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["5337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-009-5337-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,1]]}}}