{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:22:12Z","timestamp":1786980132991,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,11]],"date-time":"2011-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1305072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6074-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,10]],"date-time":"2011-05-10T13:53:56Z","timestamp":1305035636000},"page":"2058-2068","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Chorea and related movement disorders of paraneoplastic origin: the PNS EuroNetwork experience"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"258","author":[{"name":"and the PNS EuroNetwork","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Claudia","family":"Vigliani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Honnorat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Antoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Vitaliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Giometto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Psimaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Franchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"Graus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"6074_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70494-X","volume":"5","author":"F Cardoso","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cardoso F, Seppi K, Mair KJ, Wenning GK, Poewe W (2006) Seminar on choreas. Lancet Neurol 5:589\u2013602","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870030208","volume":"3","author":"RL Albin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Albin RL, Bromberg MB, Penney JB, Knapp R (1988) Chorea and dystonia: a remote effect of carcinoma. Mov Disord 3:162\u2013169","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"6074_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120336","volume":"12","author":"J Heckmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Heckmann J, Lang CJ, Druschky A, Claus D, Bartels O, Neund\u00f6rfer B (1997) Chorea resulting from paraneoplastic encephalitis. Mov Disord 12:464\u2013466","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"6074_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005860103173","volume":"36","author":"TT Batchelor","year":"1998","unstructured":"Batchelor TT, Platten M, Palmer-Toy DE, Hunter GJ, Lev MH, Dalmau J, Hochberg FH (1998) Chorea as a paraneoplastic complication of Hodgkin\u2019s disease. J Neurooncol 36:185\u2013190","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"6074_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200003)15:2<350::AID-MDS1029>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"15","author":"A Nuti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nuti A, Ceravolo R, Salvetti S, Gambaccini G, Bonuccelli U, Capochiani E (2000) Paraneoplastic choreic syndrome during non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. Mov Disord 15:350\u2013352","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"6074_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.4.512","volume":"69","author":"T Tani","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tani T, Piao Y, Mori S, Ishihara N, Tanaka K, Wakabayashi K, Takahashi H (2000) Chorea resulting from paraneoplastic striatal encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 69:512\u2013551","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"6074_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.4.719","volume":"57","author":"D Croteau","year":"2001","unstructured":"Croteau D, Owainati A, Dalmau J, Rogers LR (2001) Response to cancer therapy in a patient with a paraneoplastic choreiform disorder. Neurology 57:719\u2013722","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"6074_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.7.1133","volume":"58","author":"KA Kujawa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kujawa KA, Niemi VR, Tomasi MA, Mayer NW, Cochran E, Goetz CG (2001) Ballistic-choreic movements as the presenting feature of renal cancer. Arch Neurol 58:1133\u20131135","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10178","volume":"51","author":"S Vernino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vernino S, Tuite P, Adler CH, Meschia JF, Boeve BV, Boasberg P, Parigi JE, Lennon VA (2002) Paraneoplastic chorea associated with CRMP-5 neuronal antibody and lung carcinoma. Ann Neurol 51:625\u2013630","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR10","first-page":"192","volume":"4","author":"IW Tremont-Lukats","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tremont-Lukats IW, Fuller GN, Ribalta T, Giglio P, Groves MD (2002) Paraneoplastic chorea: case study with autopsy confirmation. Neuro Oncol 4:192\u2013195","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"6074_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10616","volume":"18","author":"A Samii","year":"2003","unstructured":"Samii A, Dahlen DD, Spence AM, Maronian NC, Kraus EE, Lennon VA (2003) Paraneoplastic movement disorder in a patient with non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma and CRMP-5 autoantibody. Mov Disord 18:1556\u20131558","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"6074_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000095958.33713.57","volume":"61","author":"P Kinirons","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kinirons P, Fulton A, Keoghan M, Brennan P, Farrell MA, Moroney JT (2003) Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) and chorea associated with CRMP-5 neuronal antibody. Neurology 61:1623\u20131624","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"6074_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-3787(04)70863-2","volume":"160","author":"S Dorban","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dorban S, Gille M, Kessler R, Pi\u00e9ret F, Declercq I, Sindic CJ (2004) Chorea-athetosis in the anti-Hu syndrome. Rev Neurol (Paris) 160:126\u2013129","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"6074_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20570","volume":"20","author":"S Muehlschlegel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Muehlschlegel S, Okun MS, Foote KD, Coco D, Yachnis AT, Fernandez HH (2005) Paraneoplastic chorea with leukoencephalopathy presenting with obsessive-compulsive and behavioural disorder. Mov Disord 20:1523\u20131527","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"6074_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01152.x","volume":"13","author":"P Krolak-Salmon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krolak-Salmon P, Androdias G, Meyronet D, Aguera M, Honnorat J, Vighetto A (2006) Slow evolution of cerebellar degeneration and chorea in a man with anti-Yo antibodies. Eur J Neurol 13:307\u2013308","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000101290","volume":"57","author":"C Kellinghaus","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kellinghaus C, Kraus J, Blaes F, Nabavi DG, Sch\u00e4bitz WR (2007) CRMP-5 autoantibodies in testicular cancer associated with limbic encephalitis and choreiform dyskinesias. Eur Neurol 57:241\u2013243","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.034447","volume":"75","author":"F Graus","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graus F, Delattre JY, Antoine JC, Dalmau J, Giometto B, Grisold W, Honnorat J, Smitt PS, Vedeler Ch, Verschuuren JJ, Vincent A, Voltz R (2004) Recommended diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:1135\u20131140","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"6074_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00158.x","volume":"7","author":"HJ Willinson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Willinson HJ, Ang W, Gilhus NE, Graus F, Liblau R, Vedeler C, Vincent A (2000) EFNS task force report: a questionnaire-based survey on the service provision and quality assurance for determination of diagnostic antibody test in European neuroimmunology centers. Eur J Neurol 7:625\u2013628","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.7.1481","volume":"123","author":"SH Gultekin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gultekin SH, Rosenfeld MR, Voltz R, Eichen J, Posner JB, Dalmau J (2000) Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: neurological symptoms, immunological findings and tumour association in 50 patients. Brain 123:1481\u20131494","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"6074_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.6.1138","volume":"124","author":"F Graus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Graus F, Keime-Guibert F, Re\u00f1\u00e9 R, Benyahia B, Ribalta T, Ascaso C, Escaramis G, Delattre JY (2001) Anti-Hu-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis: analysis of 200 patients. Brain 124:1138\u20131148","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"6074_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg133","volume":"126","author":"S Shams\u2019ili","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shams\u2019ili S, Grefkens J, De Leeuw B, van den Bent M, Hooijkaas H, van der Holt B, Vecht C, Sillevis Smitt P (2003) Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with antineuronal antibodies: analysis of 50 patients. Brain 126:1409\u20131418","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"6074_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e31813e34a5","volume":"13","author":"E T\u00fcz\u00fcn","year":"2007","unstructured":"T\u00fcz\u00fcn E, Dalmau J (2007) Limbic encephalitis and variants: classification, diagnosis and treatment. Neurologist 13:261\u2013271","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"6074_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.2.311","volume":"58","author":"R Jummani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jummani R, Okun M (2001) Sydenham chorea. Arch Neurol 58:311\u2013313","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199705000-00006","volume":"76","author":"R Cervera","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cervera R, Asherson RA, Font J, Cervera R, Asherson RA, Font J, Tikly M, Pallar\u00e9s L, Chamorro A, Ingelmo M (1997) Chorea in the antiphospholipid syndrome. Clinical, radiologic, and immunologic characteristics of 50 patients from our clinics and the recent literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 76:203\u2013212","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"6074_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2004.00241.x","volume":"65","author":"DR Langbehn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Langbehn DR, Brinkman RR, Falush D, Paulsen JS, Hayden MR (2004) International Huntington\u2019s Disease Collaborative Group. A new model for prediction of the age of onset and penetrance for Huntington\u2019s disease based on CAG length. Clin Genet 65:267\u2013277","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"6074_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1136\/pn.2007.134585","volume":"7","author":"EJ Wild","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wild EJ, Tabrizi SJ (2007) The differential diagnosis of chorea. Pract Neurol 7:360\u2013373","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70060-7","volume":"7","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Rosenfeld MR (2008) Paraneoplastic syndromes of the CNS. Lancet Neurol 7:327\u2013340","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.138016","volume":"80","author":"J Honnorat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Honnorat J, Cartalat-Carel S, Ricard D, Camdessanche JP, Carpentier AF, Rogemond V, Chapuis F, Aguera M, Decullier E, Duchemin AM, Graus F, Antoine JC (2009) Onco-neural antibodies and tumour type determine survival and neurological symptoms in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes with Hu or CV2\/CRMP5 antibodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80:412\u2013416","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"6074_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000085873.45099.E2","volume":"61","author":"R Scheid","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scheid R, Voltz R, Guthke T, Bauer J, Sammler D, von Cramon DY (2003) Neuropsychiatric findings in anti-Ma2-positive paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Neurology 61:1159\u20131161","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"6074_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000161840.62090.0E","volume":"64","author":"DP Maia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maia DP, Teixeira AL, Quint\u00e3o Cunningham MC, Cardoso F (2005) Obsessive compulsive behavior, hyperactivity, and attention deficit disorder in Sydenham chorea. Neurology 64:1799\u20131801","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"6074_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.11.019","volume":"116","author":"G Maina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maina G, Albert U, Bogetto F, Borghese C, Berro AC, Mutani R, Rossi F, Vigliani MC (2009) Anti-brain antibodies in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 116:192\u2013200","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"6074_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70253-2","volume":"10","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernadez E, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R (2011) Clinical experience and laboratory investigations in patients with NMDAR encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 10:63\u201379","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1177\/003693305700200504","volume":"2","author":"J Rankin","year":"1957","unstructured":"Rankin J (1957) Cerebral vascular accidents in patients over the age of 60. II. Prognosis. Scott Med J 2:200\u2013215","journal-title":"Scott Med J"},{"key":"6074_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.159483","volume":"81","author":"D Psimaras","year":"2010","unstructured":"Psimaras D, Carpentier A, Rossi C, PNS Euronetwork (2010) CSF study in paraneoplastic syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 81:42\u201345","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"6074_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.158246","volume":"80","author":"A Saiz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saiz A, Bruna J, Stourac P, Vigliani MC, Giometto B, Grisold W, Honnorat J, Psimaras D, Voltz R, Graus F (2009) Anti-Hu-associated brainstem encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80:404\u2013440","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"6074_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1385\/CRIAI:19:1:51","volume":"19","author":"V Rogemond","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rogemond V, Honnorat J (2000) Anti-CV2 autoantibodies and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 19:51\u201359","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"6074_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cco.0000142486.89472.eb","volume":"16","author":"J Honnorat","year":"2004","unstructured":"Honnorat J, Cartalat-Carel S (2004) Advances in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Curr Opin Oncol 16:614\u2013620","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"6074_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(02)00135-7","volume":"1","author":"R Voltz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Voltz R (2002) Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: an update on diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapy. Lancet Neurol 1:294\u2013305","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"6074_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.5.713","volume":"55","author":"I Rojas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rojas I, Graus F, Keime-Guibert F, Re\u00f1\u00e9 R, Delattre JY, Ram\u00f3n JM, Dalmau J, Posner J (2000) Long-term clinical outcome of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration and anti-Yo antibodies. Neurology 55:713\u2013715","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"6074_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.9.1332","volume":"74","author":"K Sahashi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sahashi K, Sakai K, Mano K, Hirose G (2003) Anti-Ma2 antibody related paraneoplastic limbic\/brain stem encephalitis associated with breast cancer expressing Ma1, Ma2, and Ma3 mRNAs. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:1332\u20131335","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-011-6074-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-011-6074-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-011-6074-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,10]],"date-time":"2019-06-10T13:46:09Z","timestamp":1560174369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-011-6074-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-011-6074-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,11]]}}}