{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:39:18Z","timestamp":1792478358541,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]],"date-time":"2014-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]],"date-time":"2014-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7530-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,24]],"date-time":"2014-10-24T02:21:53Z","timestamp":1414117313000},"page":"65-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Heterogeneous imaging characteristics of JC virus granule cell neuronopathy (GCN): a case series and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Martijn T.","family":"Wijburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bob W.","family":"van Oosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Murk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ouafae","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joep","family":"Killestein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike P.","family":"Wattjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7530_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.09.009","volume":"68","author":"M Pinto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pinto M, Dobson S (2014) BK and JC virus: a review. J Infect 68(Suppl 1):S2\u2013S8","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"7530_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12128","volume":"121","author":"HH Hirsch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hirsch HH, Kardas P, Kranz D, Leboeuf C (2013) The human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV): virological background and clinical implications. APMIS 121:685\u2013727","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"7530_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.164","volume":"6","author":"BJ Brew","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brew BJ, Davies NWS, Cinque P et al (2010) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other forms of JC virus disease. Nat Rev Neurol 6:667\u2013679","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020712-164018","volume":"8","author":"S Gheuens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gheuens S, W\u00fcthrich C, Koralnik IJ, Wuthrich C (2013) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: why gray and white matter. Annu Rev Pathol 8:189\u2013215. doi:10.1146\/annurev-pathol-020712-164018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"7530_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-012-0313-4","volume":"12","author":"I Steiner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Steiner I, Berger JR (2012) Update on progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 12:680\u2013686","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"7530_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fa1","volume":"80","author":"JR Berger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berger JR, Aksamit AJ, Clifford DB et al (2013) PML diagnostic criteria: consensus statement from the AAN Neuroinfectious Disease Section. Neurology 80:1430\u20131438","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7530_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513510224","volume":"19","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Richert ND, Killestein J et al (2013) The chameleon of neuroinflammation: magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Mult Scler 19:1826\u20131840","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"7530_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7336-5","volume":"261","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Vennegoor A, Mostert J et al (2014) Diagnosis of asymptomatic natalizumab-associated PML: are we between a rock and a hard place? J Neurol 261:1139\u20131143. doi:10.1007\/s00415-014-7336-5","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000099","volume":"27","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Barkhof F (2014) Diagnosis of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy using MRI. Curr Opin Neurol 27:260\u2013270","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000081306.86961.33","volume":"61","author":"RA Du Pasquier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Du Pasquier RA, Corey S, Margolin DH et al (2003) Productive infection of cerebellar granule cell neurons by JC virus in an HIV+ individual. Neurology 61:775\u2013782","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7530_CR11","first-page":"222","volume":"47","author":"F Bustamante","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bustamante F, Luis Cartier R, Manuel Lavados M (2009) Atrofia cerebelosa por el virus JC en un paciente con SIDA. Rev Chin Neurro-Psiquiat 47:222\u2013227","journal-title":"Rev Chin Neurro-Psiquiat"},{"key":"7530_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.037440-0","volume":"93","author":"X Dang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dang X, Vidal JE, De Oliveira ACP et al (2012) JC virus granule cell neuronopathy is associated with VP1 C terminus mutants. J Gen Virol 93:175\u2013183. doi:10.1099\/vir.0.037440-0","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"7530_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20431","volume":"57","author":"IJ Koralnik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koralnik IJ, W\u00fcthrich C, Dang X et al (2005) JC virus granule cell neuronopathy: a novel clinical syndrome distinct from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol 57:576\u2013580. doi:10.1002\/ana.20431","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1177\/106689690501300409","volume":"13","author":"CN Otis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Otis CN, Moral LA (2005) Images in pathology: granule cell loss in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Int J Surg Pathol 13:360","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"7530_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000114048","volume":"59","author":"HW Shin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shin HW, Kang SY, Sohn YH et al (2008) JC viral infection-related cerebellar degeneration as the first manifestation of AIDS. Eur Neurol 59:205\u2013207. doi:10.1159\/000114048","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c0d6cb","volume":"73","author":"IL Tan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tan IL, Brew BJ (2009) Possible JCV granular cell neuronopathy in a patient with HIV infection. Neurology 73:1598\u20131599. doi:10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c0d6cb","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7530_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.4668","volume":"71","author":"L Dang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dang L, Dang X, Koralnik IJ, Todd PK (2014) JC polyomavirus granule cell neuronopathy in a patient treated with rituximab. JAMA Neurol 71:487\u2013489. doi:10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.4668","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23973","volume":"74","author":"S Schippling","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schippling S, Kempf C, Buchele F et al (2013) JC virus granule cell neuronopathy and GCN-IRIS under natalizumab treatment. Ann Neurol 74:622\u2013626. doi:10.1002\/ana.23973","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000713","volume":"83","author":"SP Agnihotri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agnihotri SP, Dang X, Carter JL et al (2014) JCV GCN in a natalizumab-treated MS patient is associated with mutations of the VP1 capsid gene. Neurology 83:727\u2013732. doi:10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000713","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7530_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.07.091","volume":"16","author":"R Granot","year":"2009","unstructured":"Granot R, Lawrence R, Barnett M et al (2009) What lies beneath the tent? JC-virus cerebellar granule cell neuronopathy complicating sarcoidosis. J Clin Neurosci 16:1091\u20131092. doi:10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.07.091","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"7530_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.10.007","volume":"36","author":"JH Hecht","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hecht JH, Glenn OA, Wara DW, Wu YW (2007) JC virus granule cell neuronopathy in a child with CD40 ligand deficiency. Pediatr Neurol 36:186\u2013189. doi:10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.10.007","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2011.01254.x","volume":"32","author":"J Keith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Keith J, Bilbao J, Baskind R (2012) JC virus granular neuronopathy and rhombencephalic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: case report and review of the literature. Neuropathology 32:280\u2013284. doi:10.1111\/j.1440-1789.2011.01254.x","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"7530_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02057-10","volume":"49","author":"D Roux","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roux D, Bouldouyre MA, Mercier-Delarue S et al (2011) JC virus variant associated with cerebellar atrophy in a patient with AIDS. J Clin Microbiol 49:2196\u20132199","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"7530_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821d751e","volume":"76","author":"T Shang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shang T, Delgado A, Adams D (2011) JC virus granule cell neuronopathy and hyper-IgE in HIV disease. Neurology 76:1941\u20131942","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7530_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1413-8670(12)70297-0","volume":"16","author":"F Piza","year":"2012","unstructured":"Piza F, Fink MC, Nogueira GS et al (2012) JC virus-associated central nervous system diseases in HIV-infected patients in Brazil: clinical presentations, associated factors with mortality and outcome. Braz J Infect Dis 16:153\u2013156","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"7530_CR26","first-page":"367","volume":"18","author":"H Kitagaki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kitagaki H, Mori E, Hirono N et al (1997) Alteration of white matter MR signal intensity in frontotemporal dementia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 18:367\u2013378","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"7530_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1998.tb00157.x","volume":"8","author":"DM Mann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mann DM (1998) Dementia of frontal type and dementias with subcortical gliosis. Brain Pathol 8:325\u2013338","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"key":"7530_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.120479","volume":"16","author":"S Padmanabhan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Padmanabhan S, Cherian A, Iype T et al (2013) Hot cross bun sign in HIV-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 16:672\u2013673","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf117","volume":"125","author":"H Watanabe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Watanabe H, Saito Y, Terao S et al (2002) Progression and prognosis in multiple system atrophy: an analysis of 230 Japanese patients. Brain 125:1070\u20131083","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"7530_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.79149","volume":"59","author":"R Yadav","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yadav R, Ramdas M, Karthik N et al (2011) \u201cHot cross bun\u201d sign in HIV-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurol India 59:293\u2013294","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"7530_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211000913","volume":"23","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wattjes MP (2011) Structural MRI. Int Psychogeriatr 23(Suppl 2):S13\u2013S24","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"7530_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-7191-9","volume":"261","author":"J Havla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Havla J, Hohlfeld R, Kumpfel T, K\u00fcmpfel T (2014) Unusual natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy starting in the brainstem. J Neurol 261:232\u2013234. doi:10.1007\/s00415-013-7191-9","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12045","volume":"34","author":"B Lach","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lach B, Connolly B, Wuthrich C, Koralnik IJ (2014) Inflammatory infratentorial progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Neuropathology 34:39\u201344","journal-title":"Neuropathology"},{"key":"7530_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali K, Amin R, Yoganathan KG, Powell R (2013) Rapidly progressive cerebellar ataxia in West Wales. BMJ Case Rep. 10.1136\/bcr-2013-201619","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-201619"},{"key":"7530_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7311-1","volume":"261","author":"M Stoppe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stoppe M, Thoma E, Liebert UG et al (2014) Cerebellar manifestation of PML under fumarate and after efalizumab treatment of psoriasis. J Neurol 261:1021\u20131024","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300511","volume":"83","author":"R Phan-Ba","year":"2012","unstructured":"Phan-Ba R, Lommers E, Tshibanda L et al (2012) MRI preclinical detection and asymptomatic course of a progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) under natalizumab therapy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 83:224\u2013226","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"7530_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-304986","volume":"84","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Verhoeff L, Zentjens W et al (2013) Punctate lesion pattern suggestive of perivascular inflammation in acute natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: productive JC virus infection or preclinical PML-IRIS manifestation? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 84:1176\u20131177","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"7530_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2533","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81945-0","volume":"87","author":"X Dang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dang X, Koralnik IJ (2006) A granule cell neuron-associated JC virus variant has a unique deletion in the VP1 gene. J Gen Virol 87:2533\u20132537","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"7530_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181912570","volume":"68","author":"C W\u00fcthrich","year":"2009","unstructured":"W\u00fcthrich C, Cheng YM, Joseph JT et al (2009) Frequent infection of cerebellar granule cell neurons by polyomavirus JC in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 68:15\u201325","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21619","volume":"65","author":"C W\u00fcthrich","year":"2009","unstructured":"W\u00fcthrich C, Dang X, Westmoreland S et al (2009) Fulminant JC virus encephalopathy with productive infection of cortical pyramidal neurons. Ann Neurol 65:742\u2013748","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31823ede59","volume":"71","author":"C W\u00fcthrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"W\u00fcthrich C, Koralnik IJ (2012) Frequent infection of cortical neurons by JC virus in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 71:54\u201365","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"7530_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000284601.54436.e4","volume":"70","author":"NM Moll","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moll NM, Rietsch AM, Ransohoff AJ et al (2008) Cortical demyelination in PML and MS: similarities and differences. Neurology 70:336\u2013343","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"7530_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1215357","volume":"368","author":"BW Van Oosten","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Oosten BW, Killestein J, Barkhof F et al (2013) PML in a patient treated with dimethyl fumarate from a compounding pharmacy. N Engl J Med 368:1658\u20131659","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-014-7530-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-014-7530-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-014-7530-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-014-7530-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T18:15:25Z","timestamp":1684865725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-014-7530-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["7530"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-014-7530-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2014","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2014","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2014","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}