{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:29:05Z","timestamp":1790710145006,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":199,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455667200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8045-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]],"date-time":"2016-02-17T13:45:03Z","timestamp":1455716703000},"page":"1473-1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":243,"title":["Clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of myasthenia gravis: a supplement to the Guidelines of the German Neurological Society"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"263","author":[{"given":"Nico","family":"Melzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Ruck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Fuhr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Hohlfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Melms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Tackenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berthold","family":"Schalke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Schneider-Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Zimprich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven G.","family":"Meuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinz","family":"Wiendl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"8045_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2008","volume":"89","author":"EX Albuquerque","year":"2009","unstructured":"Albuquerque EX, Pereira EF, Alkondon M, Rogers SW (2009) Mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol Rev 89:73\u2013120","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"8045_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060110031011","volume":"42","author":"E Arsura","year":"1985","unstructured":"Arsura E, Brunner NG, Namba T, Grob D (1985) High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone in myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol 42:1149\u20131153","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1444","volume":"8","author":"K Aschenbrenner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aschenbrenner K, D\u2019Cruz LM, Vollmann EH, Hinterberger M, Emmerich J, Swee LK, Rolink A, Klein L (2007) Selection of Foxp3+\u00a0regulatory T cells specific for self antigen expressed and presented by Aire\u00a0+\u00a0medullary thymic epithelial cells. Nat Immunol 8:351\u2013358","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"8045_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00646.x","volume":"114","author":"VV Ashraf","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ashraf VV, Taly AB, Veerendrakumar M, Rao S (2006) Myasthenia gravis in children: a longitudinal study. Acta Neurol Scand 114:119\u2013123","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"8045_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-008-9794-2","volume":"22","author":"K Bachmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bachmann K, Burkhardt D, Schreiter I, Kaifi J, Busch C, Thayssen G, Izbicki JR, Strate T (2008) Long-term outcome and quality of life after open and thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: analysis of 131 patients. Surg Endosc 22:2470\u20132477","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"8045_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2005.12.041","volume":"13","author":"JS Bae","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bae JS, Go SM, Kim BJ (2006) Clinical predictors of steroid-induced exacerbation in myasthenia gravis. J Clin Neurosci 13:1006\u20131010","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"8045_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.3.678","volume":"47","author":"PG Bain","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bain PG, Motomura M, Newsom-Davis J, Misbah SA, Chapel HM, Lee ML, Vincent A, Lang B (1996) Effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on muscle weakness and calcium-channel autoantibodies in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Neurology 47:678\u2013683","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3900","volume":"105","author":"A Balandina","year":"2005","unstructured":"Balandina A, Lecart S, Dartevelle P, Saoudi A, Berrih-Aknin S (2005) Functional defect of regulatory CD4(+)CD25+\u00a0T cells in the thymus of patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Blood 105:735\u2013741","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8045_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13892","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1733-14.2014","volume":"34","author":"A Barik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barik A, Lu Y, Sathyamurthy A, Bowman A, Shen C, Li L, Xiong WC, Mei L (2014) LRP4 is critical for neuromuscular junction maintenance. J Neurosci 34:13892\u201313905","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"8045_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821e5505","volume":"76","author":"D Barth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barth D, Nabavi Nouri M, Ng E, Nwe P, Bril V (2011) Comparison of IVIg and PLEX in patients with myasthenia gravis. Neurology 76:2017\u20132023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR11","first-page":"CD005081","volume":"12","author":"M Benatar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Benatar M, Kaminski H (2012) Medical and surgical treatment for ocular myasthenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12:CD005081","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"8045_CR12","unstructured":"Birmingham UoAa (2006) Thymectomy Trial in Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis Patients Receiving Prednisone Therapy. ClinicalTrialsgov NCT00294658"},{"key":"8045_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)05370-7","volume":"150","author":"MB Bromberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bromberg MB, Wald JJ, Forshew DA, Feldman EL, Albers JW (1997) Randomized trial of azathioprine or prednisone for initial immunosuppressive treatment of myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Sci 150:59\u201362","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1017","volume":"50","author":"C Buckley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buckley C, Douek D, Newsom-Davis J, Vincent A, Willcox N (2001) Mature, long-lived CD4+\u00a0and CD8+\u00a0T cells are generated by the thymoma in myasthenia gravis. Ann Neurol 50:64\u201372","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-46","volume":"10","author":"AS Carr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carr AS, Cardwell CR, McCarron PO, McConville J (2010) A systematic review of population based epidemiological studies in Myasthenia Gravis. BMC Neurol 10:46","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0b013e318253a48e","volume":"14","author":"D Castro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Castro D, Derisavifard S, Anderson M, Greene M, Iannaccone S (2013) Juvenile myasthenia gravis: a twenty-year experience. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 14:95\u2013102","journal-title":"J Clin Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"8045_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328357a829","volume":"25","author":"P Cavalcante","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cavalcante P, Bernasconi P, Mantegazza R (2012) Autoimmune mechanisms in myasthenia gravis. Curr Opin Neurol 25:621\u2013629","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR18","first-page":"CD008111","volume":"10","author":"G Cea","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cea G, Benatar M, Verdugo RJ, Salinas RA (2013) Thymectomy for non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 10:CD008111","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"8045_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-007-0593-9","volume":"254","author":"A Chan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chan A, Lee DH, Linker R, Mohr A, Toyka KV, Gold R (2007) Rescue therapy with anti-CD20 treatment in neuroimmunologic breakthrough disease. J Neurol 254:1604\u20131606","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.12.006","volume":"52","author":"WY Chuang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chuang WY, Strobel P, Bohlender-Willke AL, Rieckmann P, Nix W, Schalke B, Gold R, Opitz A, Klinker E, Inoue M, Muller-Hermelink HK, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Bugert P, Willcox N, Marx A (2014) Late-onset myasthenia gravis\u2014CTLA4(low) genotype association and low-for-age thymic output of naive T cells. J Autoimmun 52:122\u2013129","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"8045_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.1.97","volume":"56","author":"E Ciafaloni","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ciafaloni E, Massey JM, Tucker-Lipscomb B, Sanders DB (2001) Mycophenolate mofetil for myasthenia gravis: an open-label pilot study. Neurology 56:97\u201399","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61769-3","volume":"380","author":"JA Cohen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Arnold DL, Confavreux C, Fox EJ, Hartung HP, Havrdova E, Selmaj KW, Weiner HL, Fisher E, Brinar VV, Giovannoni G, Stojanovic M, Ertik BI, Lake SL, Margolin DH, Panzara MA, Compston DA (2012) Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 380:1819\u20131828","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8045_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21371","volume":"63","author":"RN Cole","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cole RN, Reddel SW, Gervasio OL, Phillips WD (2008) Anti-MuSK patient antibodies disrupt the mouse neuromuscular junction. Ann Neurol 63:782\u2013789","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61768-1","volume":"380","author":"AJ Coles","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coles AJ, Twyman CL, Arnold DL, Cohen JA, Confavreux C, Fox EJ, Hartung HP, Havrdova E, Selmaj KW, Weiner HL, Miller T, Fisher E, Sandbrink R, Lake SL, Margolin DH, Oyuela P, Panzara MA, Compston DA (2012) Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 380:1829\u20131839","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8045_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.6.1607","volume":"46","author":"C Confavreux","year":"1996","unstructured":"Confavreux C, Saddier P, Grimaud J, Moreau T, Adeleine P, Aimard G (1996) Risk of cancer from azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis: a case-control study. Neurology 46:1607\u20131612","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318207b1f6","volume":"76","author":"I Cortese","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cortese I, Chaudhry V, So YT, Cantor F, Cornblath DR, Rae-Grant A (2011) Evidence-based guideline update: plasmapheresis in neurologic disorders: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 76:294\u2013300","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.05.024","volume":"115","author":"J Costa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Costa J, Evangelista T, Conceicao I, de Carvalho M (2004) Repetitive nerve stimulation in myasthenia gravis\u2013relative sensitivity of different muscles. Clin Neurophysiol 115:2776\u20132782","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"8045_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00272-7","volume":"115","author":"J Curnow","year":"2001","unstructured":"Curnow J, Corlett L, Willcox N, Vincent A (2001) Presentation by myoblasts of an epitope from endogenous acetylcholine receptor indicates a potential role in the spreading of the immune response. J Neuroimmunol 115:127\u2013134","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"8045_CR29","first-page":"194","volume":"126","author":"M Dardenne","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dardenne M, Savino W, Bach JF (1987) Thymomatous epithelial cells and skeletal muscle share a common epitope defined by a monoclonal antibody. Am J Pathol 126:194\u2013198","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"8045_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197711242972102","volume":"297","author":"PC Dau","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dau PC, Lindstrom JM, Cassel CK, Denys EH, Shev EE, Spitler LE (1977) Plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive drug therapy in myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med 297:1134\u20131140","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8045_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10133","volume":"26","author":"LG Feo De","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Feo LG, Schottlender J, Martelli NA, Molfino NA (2002) Use of intravenous pulsed cyclophosphamide in severe, generalized myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 26:31\u201336","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"8045_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182407982","volume":"78","author":"J Diaz-Manera","year":"2012","unstructured":"Diaz-Manera J, Martinez-Hernandez E, Querol L, Klooster R, Rojas-Garcia R, Suarez-Calvet X, Munoz-Blanco JL, Mazia C, Straasheijm KR, Gallardo E, Juarez C, Verschuuren JJ, Illa I (2012) Long-lasting treatment effect of rituximab in MuSK myasthenia. Neurology 78:189\u2013193","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0526","volume":"3","author":"J Diaz-Manera","year":"2007","unstructured":"Diaz-Manera J, Rojas-Garcia R, Gallardo E, Juarez C, Martinez-Domeno A, Martinez-Ramirez S, Dalmau J, Blesa R, Illa I (2007) Antibodies to AChR, MuSK and VGKC in a patient with myasthenia gravis and Morvan\u2019s syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 3:405\u2013410","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1038\/25374","volume":"396","author":"DC Douek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Douek DC, McFarland RD, Keiser PH, Gage EA, Massey JM, Haynes BF, Polis MA, Haase AT, Feinberg MB, Sullivan JL, Jamieson BD, Zack JA, Picker LJ, Koup RA (1998) Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection. Nature 396:690\u2013695","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8045_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.033","volume":"1132","author":"DB Drachman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Drachman DB, Adams RN, Hu R, Jones RJ, Brodsky RA (2008) Rebooting the immune system with high-dose cyclophosphamide for treatment of refractory myasthenia gravis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1132:305\u2013314","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10400","volume":"53","author":"DB Drachman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Drachman DB, Jones RJ, Brodsky RA (2003) Treatment of refractory myasthenia: \u201crebooting\u201d with high-dose cyclophosphamide. Ann Neurol 53:29\u201334","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(79)90087-6","volume":"66","author":"J Dudel","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dudel J, Birnberger KL, Toyka KV, Schlegel C, Besinger U (1979) Effects of myasthenic immunoglobulins and of prednisolone on spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials in mouse diaphragms. Exp Neurol 66:365\u2013380","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eienbroker C, Seitz F, Spengler A, Kurz H, Seipelt M, Sommer N, Oertel WH, Timmesfeld N, Tackenberg B (2014) IVIg maintenance treatment in myasthenia gravis\u2014a RCT sample size simulation. Muscle Nerve","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24259"},{"key":"8045_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02635.x","volume":"48","author":"A Evoli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Evoli A, Batocchi AP, Minisci C, Di Schino C, Tonali P (2000) Clinical characteristics and prognosis of myasthenia gravis in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 48:1442\u20131448","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"8045_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.012","volume":"1132","author":"A Evoli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Evoli A, Bianchi MR, Riso R, Minicuci GM, Batocchi AP, Servidei S, Scuderi F, Bartoccioni E (2008) Response to therapy in myasthenia gravis with anti-MuSK antibodies. Ann NY Acad Sci 1132:76\u201383","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10018","volume":"25","author":"A Evoli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Evoli A, Di Schino C, Marsili F, Punzi C (2002) Successful treatment of myasthenia gravis with tacrolimus. Muscle Nerve 25:111\u2013114","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"8045_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg223","volume":"126","author":"A Evoli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Evoli A, Tonali PA, Padua L, Monaco ML, Scuderi F, Batocchi AP, Marino M, Bartoccioni E (2003) Clinical correlates with anti-MuSK antibodies in generalized seronegative myasthenia gravis. Brain 126:2304\u20132311","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8045_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)91782-2","volume":"1","author":"R Finn","year":"1977","unstructured":"Finn R, Coates PM (1977) Plasma exchange in myasthenia gravis. Lancet 1:190\u2013191","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8045_CR44","unstructured":"Fuhr P, Gold R, Hohlfeld R, Melms A, Melzer N, Tackenberg B, Schalke B, Schneider-Gold C, Wiendl H, Zimprich F (2014) Diagnostik und Therapie der Myasthenia gravis und des Lambert-Eaton-Syndroms. Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Neurologie"},{"key":"8045_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808325651","volume":"24","author":"P Gadient","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gadient P, Bolton J, Puri V (2009) Juvenile myasthenia gravis: three case reports and a literature review. J Child Neurol 24:584\u2013590","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410615","volume":"41","author":"P Gajdos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gajdos P, Chevret S, Clair B, Tranchant C, Chastang C (1997) Clinical trial of plasma exchange and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia Gravis Clinical Study Group. Ann Neurol 41:789\u2013796","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gajdos P, Chevret S, Toyka K (2008) Intravenous immunoglobulin for myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD002277","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002277.pub3"},{"key":"8045_CR48","unstructured":"Gajdos P, Chevret S, Toyka K (2002) Plasma exchange for myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD002275"},{"key":"8045_CR49","first-page":"CD002277","volume":"12","author":"P Gajdos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gajdos P, Chevret S, Toyka KV (2012) Intravenous immunoglobulin for myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12:CD002277","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"8045_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.11.1689","volume":"62","author":"Gajdos P, Tranchant C, Clair B, Bolgert F, Eymard B, Stojkovic T, Attarian S, Chevret S, Myasthenia Gravis Clinical Study G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gajdos P, Tranchant C, Clair B, Bolgert F, Eymard B, Stojkovic T, Attarian S, Chevret S, Myasthenia Gravis Clinical Study G (2005) Treatment of myasthenia gravis exacerbation with intravenous immunoglobulin: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Arch Neurol 62:1689\u20131693","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000478","volume":"82","author":"C Gasperi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gasperi C, Melms A, Schoser B, Zhang Y, Meltoranta J, Risson V, Schaeffer L, Schalke B, Kroger S (2014) Anti-agrin autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 82:1976\u20131983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1009433","volume":"367","author":"EW Gelfand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gelfand EW (2012) Intravenous immune globulin in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 367:2015\u20132025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8045_CR53","first-page":"99","volume":"14","author":"K Gellert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gellert K, Bottger J, Martin T, Werner J, Mangler C, Martin H (2005) Thoracoscopic thymectomy in the treatment concept for myasthenia gravis. Surg Technol Int 14:99\u2013104","journal-title":"Surg Technol Int"},{"key":"8045_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70039-0","volume":"13","author":"G Giovannoni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giovannoni G, Gold R, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Radue EW, Stefoski D, McNeill M, Amaravadi L, Sweetser M, Elkins J, O\u2019Neill G (2014) Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECTION): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind extension trial. Lancet Neurol 13:472\u2013481","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06066","volume":"448","author":"M Giraud","year":"2007","unstructured":"Giraud M, Taubert R, Vandiedonck C, Ke X, Levi-Strauss M, Pagani F, Baralle FE, Eymard B, Tranchant C, Gajdos P, Vincent A, Willcox N, Beeson D, Kyewski B, Garchon HJ (2007) An IRF8-binding promoter variant and AIRE control CHRNA1 promiscuous expression in thymus. Nature 448:934\u2013937","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8045_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9119-z","volume":"52","author":"JP Gisbert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gisbert JP, Gomollon F, Cara C, Luna M, Gonzalez-Lama Y, Pajares JM, Mate J, Guijarro LG (2007) Thiopurine methyltransferase activity in Spain: a study of 14,545 patients. Dig Dis Sci 52:1262\u20131269","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.019232","volume":"75","author":"DE Gladstone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gladstone DE, Brannagan TH 3rd, Schwartzman RJ, Prestrud AA, Brodsky I (2004) High dose cyclophosphamide for severe refractory myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75:789\u2013791","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8045_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62190-4","volume":"381","author":"R Gold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gold R, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K, Havrdova E, Montalban X, Radue EW, Stefoski D, Robinson R, Riester K, Rana J, Elkins J, O\u2019Neill G (2013) Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 381:2167\u20132175","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8045_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(66)92599-2","volume":"2","author":"G Goldstein","year":"1966","unstructured":"Goldstein G, Whittingham S (1966) Experimental autoimmune thymitis. An animal model of human myasthenia gravis. Lancet 2:315\u2013318","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8045_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23691","volume":"72","author":"PK Gregersen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gregersen PK, Kosoy R, Lee AT, Lamb J, Sussman J, McKee D, Simpfendorfer KR, Pirskanen-Matell R, Piehl F, Pan-Hammarstrom Q, Verschuuren JJ, Titulaer MJ, Niks EH, Marx A, Strobel P, Tackenberg B, Putz M, Maniaol A, Elsais A, Tallaksen C, Harbo HF, Lie BA, Raychaudhuri S, de Bakker PI, Melms A, Garchon HJ, Willcox N, Hammarstrom L, Seldin MF (2012) Risk for myasthenia gravis maps to a (151) Pro\u2013\u00a0>\u00a0Ala change in TNIP1 and to human leukocyte antigen-B*08. Ann Neurol 72:927\u2013935","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.7","volume":"55","author":"GS Gronseth","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gronseth GS, Barohn RJ (2000) Practice parameter: thymectomy for autoimmune myasthenia gravis (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 55:7\u201315","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2003.00209.x","volume":"109","author":"GR Guillermo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guillermo GR, Tellez-Zenteno JF, Weder-Cisneros N, Mimenza A, Estanol B, Remes-Troche JM, Cantu-Brito C (2004) Response of thymectomy: clinical and pathological characteristics among seronegative and seropositive myasthenia gravis patients. Acta Neurol Scand 109:217\u2013221","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"8045_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22006","volume":"44","author":"JT Guptill","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guptill JT, Sanders DB, Evoli A (2011) Anti-MuSK antibody myasthenia gravis: clinical findings and response to treatment in two large cohorts. Muscle Nerve 44:36\u201340","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"8045_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-14-8-364","volume":"14","author":"F Hanisch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hanisch F, Wendt M, Zierz S (2009) Mycophenolate mofetil as second line immunosuppressant in Myasthenia gravis\u2013a long-term prospective open-label study. Eur J Med Res 14:364\u2013366","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"8045_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-011-9617-4","volume":"32","author":"L Hapnes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hapnes L, Willcox N, Oftedal BE, Owe JF, Gilhus NE, Meager A, Husebye ES, Wolff AS (2012) Radioligand-binding assay reveals distinct autoantibody preferences for type I interferons in APS I and myasthenia gravis subgroups. J Clin Immunol 32:230\u2013237","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8045_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hart IK, Sathasivam S, Sharshar T (2007) Immunosuppressive agents for myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD005224","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005224.pub2"},{"key":"8045_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101336","volume":"21","author":"AM Harvey","year":"1942","unstructured":"Harvey AM, Lilienthal JL, Talbot SA (1942) Observations on the nature of myasthenia gravis. The effect of thymectomy on neuro-muscular transmission. J Clin Invest 21:579\u2013588","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"8045_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-97","volume":"11","author":"JM Heckmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heckmann JM, Rawoot A, Bateman K, Renison R, Badri M (2011) A single-blinded trial of methotrexate versus azathioprine as steroid-sparing agents in generalized myasthenia gravis. BMC Neurol 11:97","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21640","volume":"41","author":"MK Hehir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hehir MK, Burns TM, Alpers J, Conaway MR, Sawa M, Sanders DB (2010) Mycophenolate mofetil in achr-antibody-positive myasthenia gravis: outcomes in 102 patients. Muscle Nerve 41:593\u2013598","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"8045_CR70","first-page":"771","volume":"6","author":"K Heininger","year":"1985","unstructured":"Heininger K, Hendricks M, Toyka KV (1985) Myasthenia-gravis\u2014a new semiselective procedure to remove acetylcholine-receptor-autoantibodies from plasma. Plasma Ther Trans Technol 6:771\u2013775","journal-title":"Plasma Ther Trans Technol"},{"key":"8045_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.4.573","volume":"9","author":"K Hemminki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hemminki K, Li X, Sundquist K (2006) Familial risks for diseases of myoneural junction and muscle in siblings based on hospitalizations and deaths in sweden. Twin Res Hum Genet 9:573\u2013579","journal-title":"Twin Res Hum Genet"},{"key":"8045_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1265985","volume":"37","author":"T Henze","year":"2010","unstructured":"Henze T, Janzen RWC, Schumm F, Melms A, Sieb JP, Kohler W, Heidenreich F, Tackenberg B, Weber-Schondorfer C, Myasth ABD (2010) Immunotherapy for myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Part 2: intravenous Immunoglobulins and Apheresis Techniques. Aktuelle Neurologie 37:518\u2013523","journal-title":"Aktuelle Neurologie"},{"key":"8045_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200005)47:5<682::AID-ANA24>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"47","author":"U Herrlinger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Herrlinger U, Weller M, Dichgans J, Melms A (2000) Association of primary central nervous system lymphoma with long-term azathioprine therapy for myasthenia gravis? Ann Neurol 47:682\u2013683","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22312","volume":"69","author":"O Higuchi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higuchi O, Hamuro J, Motomura M, Yamanashi Y (2011) Autoantibodies to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 in myasthenia gravis. Ann Neurol 69:418\u2013422","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199902)45:2<224::AID-ANA13>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"45","author":"M Hill","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hill M, Beeson D, Moss P, Jacobson L, Bond A, Corlett L, Newsom-Davis J, Vincent A, Willcox N (1999) Early-onset myasthenia gravis: a recurring T-cell epitope in the adult-specific acetylcholine receptor epsilon subunit presented by the susceptibility allele HLA-DR52a. Ann Neurol 45:224\u2013231","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.134130","volume":"7","author":"D Hilton-Jones","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hilton-Jones D (2007) When the patient fails to respond to treatment: myasthenia gravis. Pract Neurol 7:405\u2013411","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/85520","volume":"7","author":"W Hoch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hoch W, McConville J, Helms S, Newsom-Davis J, Melms A, Vincent A (2001) Auto-antibodies to the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK in patients with myasthenia gravis without acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Nat Med 7:365\u2013368","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"8045_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.05.001","volume":"34","author":"M Hoeltzenbein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoeltzenbein M, Weber-Schoendorfer C, Borisch C, Allignol A, Meister R, Schaefer C (2012) Pregnancy outcome after paternal exposure to azathioprine\/6-mercaptopurine. Reprod Toxicol 34:364\u2013369","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"8045_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3872","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.12.3872","volume":"96","author":"V Hoffacker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hoffacker V, Schultz A, Tiesinga JJ, Gold R, Schalke B, Nix W, Kiefer R, Muller-Hermelink HK, Marx A (2000) Thymomas alter the T-cell subset composition in the blood: a potential mechanism for thymoma-associated autoimmune disease. Blood 96:3872\u20133879","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8045_CR80","first-page":"617","volume":"2","author":"R Hohlfeld","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hohlfeld R, Goebels N, Engel AG (1993) Cellular mechanisms in inflammatory myopathies. Baillieres Clin Neurol 2:617\u2013635","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.2.258","volume":"38","author":"R Hohlfeld","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hohlfeld R, Michels M, Heininger K, Besinger U, Toyka KV (1988) Azathioprine toxicity during long-term immunosuppression of generalized myasthenia gravis. Neurology 38:258\u2013261","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170304","volume":"17","author":"R Hohlfeld","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hohlfeld R, Toyka KV, Besinger UA, Gerhold B, Heininger K (1985) Myasthenia gravis: reactivation of clinical disease and of autoimmune factors after discontinuation of long-term azathioprine. Ann Neurol 17:238\u2013242","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23839","volume":"48","author":"JF Howard Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Howard JF Jr, Barohn RJ, Cutter GR, Freimer M, Juel VC, Mozaffar T, Mellion ML, Benatar MG, Farrugia ME, Wang JJ, Malhotra SS, Kissel JT (2013) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of eculizumab in patients with refractory generalized myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 48:76\u201384","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"8045_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4658","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1001074107","volume":"107","author":"H Huang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang H, Benoist C, Mathis D (2010) Rituximab specifically depletes short-lived autoreactive plasma cells in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:4658\u20134663","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"8045_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20783","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313944110","volume":"110","author":"MG Huijbers","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huijbers MG, Zhang W, Klooster R, Niks EH, Friese MB, Straasheijm KR, Thijssen PE, Vrolijk H, Plomp JJ, Vogels P, Losen M, Van der Maarel SM, Burden SJ, Verschuuren JJ (2013) MuSK IgG4 autoantibodies cause myasthenia gravis by inhibiting binding between MuSK and Lrp4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:20783\u201320788","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"8045_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92400-4","volume":"1","author":"P Imbach","year":"1981","unstructured":"Imbach P, Barandun S, d\u2019Apuzzo V, Baumgartner C, Hirt A, Morell A, Rossi E, Schoni M, Vest M, Wagner HP (1981) High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in childhood. Lancet 1:1228\u20131231","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8045_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7532-3","volume":"262","author":"R Iorio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iorio R, Damato V, Alboini PE, Evoli A (2015) Efficacy and safety of rituximab for myasthenia gravis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 262:1115\u20131119","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35684-3","volume":"95","author":"A Jaretzki 3rd","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jaretzki A 3rd, Penn AS, Younger DS, Wolff M, Olarte MR, Lovelace RE, Rowland LP (1988) \u201cMaximal\u201d thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Results. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 95:747\u2013757","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"8045_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12359","volume":"21","author":"E Kerty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kerty E, Elsais A, Argov Z, Evoli A, Gilhus NE (2014) EFNS\/ENS Guidelines for the treatment of ocular myasthenia. Eur J Neurol 21:687\u2013693","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02889966","volume":"52","author":"T Kirchner","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kirchner T, Schalke B, Melms A, von Kugelgen T, Muller-Hermelink HK (1986) Immunohistological patterns of non-neoplastic changes in the thymus in Myasthenia gravis. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 52:237\u2013257","journal-title":"Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol"},{"key":"8045_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041253","volume":"41","author":"K Kisand","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kisand K, Lilic D, Casanova JL, Peterson P, Meager A, Willcox N (2011) Mucocutaneous candidiasis and autoimmunity against cytokines in APECED and thymoma patients: clinical and pathogenetic implications. Eur J Immunol 41:1517\u20131527","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"8045_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws025","volume":"135","author":"R Klooster","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klooster R, Plomp JJ, Huijbers MG, Niks EH, Straasheijm KR, Detmers FJ, Hermans PW, Sleijpen K, Verrips A, Losen M, Martinez-Martinez P, De Baets MH, van der Maarel SM, Verschuuren JJ (2012) Muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis IgG4 autoantibodies cause severe neuromuscular junction dysfunction in mice. Brain 135:1081\u20131101","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8045_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.20317","volume":"26","author":"W Kohler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kohler W, Bucka C, Klingel R (2011) A randomized and controlled study comparing immunoadsorption and plasma exchange in myasthenic crisis. J Clin Apher 26:347\u2013355","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"key":"8045_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.042176","volume":"76","author":"T Konishi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Konishi T, Yoshiyama Y, Takamori M, Saida T (2005) Long-term treatment of generalised myasthenia gravis with FK506 (tacrolimus). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:448\u2013450","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8045_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2012.10.026","volume":"14","author":"MJ Koziolek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koziolek MJ, Kitze B, Muhlhausen J, Muller GA (2013) Immunoadsorption in steroid-refractory multiple sclerosis. Atheroscler Suppl 14:175\u2013178","journal-title":"Atheroscler Suppl"},{"key":"8045_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5120-8","volume":"256","author":"MJ Kupersmith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kupersmith MJ (2009) Ocular myasthenia gravis: treatment successes and failures in patients with long-term follow-up. J Neurol 256:1314\u20131320","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000150587.71497.B6","volume":"64","author":"L Lauriola","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lauriola L, Ranelletti F, Maggiano N, Guerriero M, Punzi C, Marsili F, Bartoccioni E, Evoli A (2005) Thymus changes in anti-MuSK-positive and -negative myasthenia gravis. Neurology 64:536\u2013538","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn092","volume":"131","author":"MI Leite","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leite MI, Jacob S, Viegas S, Cossins J, Clover L, Morgan BP, Beeson D, Willcox N, Vincent A (2008) IgG1 antibodies to acetylcholine receptors in \u2018seronegative\u2019 myasthenia gravis. Brain 131:1940\u20131952","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8045_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20386","volume":"57","author":"MI Leite","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leite MI, Strobel P, Jones M, Micklem K, Moritz R, Gold R, Niks EH, Berrih-Aknin S, Scaravilli F, Canelhas A, Marx A, Newsom-Davis J, Willcox N, Vincent A (2005) Fewer thymic changes in MuSK antibody-positive than in MuSK antibody-negative MG. Ann Neurol 57:444\u2013448","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20411","volume":"33","author":"PT Lin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin PT, Martin BA, Weinacker AB, So YT (2006) High-dose cyclophosphamide in refractory myasthenia gravis with MuSK antibodies. Muscle Nerve 33:433\u2013435","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"8045_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1998.tb05968.x","volume":"97","author":"C Lindberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lindberg C, Andersen O, Lefvert AK (1998) Treatment of myasthenia gravis with methylprednisolone pulse: a double blind study. Acta Neurol Scand 97:370\u2013373","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"8045_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2011.622015","volume":"45","author":"J Luo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luo J, Lindstrom J (2012) Myasthenogenicity of the main immunogenic region and endogenous muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Autoimmunity 45:245\u2013252","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"8045_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.016","volume":"201\u2013202","author":"CA Maclennan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maclennan CA, Vincent A, Marx A, Willcox N, Gilhus NE, Newsom-Davis J, Beeson D (2008) Preferential expression of AChR epsilon-subunit in thymomas from patients with myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 201\u2013202:28\u201332","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"8045_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36603","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036603","volume":"7","author":"AH Maniaol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maniaol AH, Elsais A, Lorentzen AR, Owe JF, Viken MK, Saether H, Flam ST, Brathen G, Kampman MT, Midgard R, Christensen M, Rognerud A, Kerty E, Gilhus NE, Tallaksen CM, Lie BA, Harbo HF (2012) Late onset myasthenia gravis is associated with HLA DRB1*15:01 in the Norwegian population. PLoS One 7:e36603","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"8045_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314245","volume":"235","author":"R Mantegazza","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mantegazza R, Antozzi C, Peluchetti D, Sghirlanzoni A, Cornelio F (1988) Azathioprine as a single drug or in combination with steroids in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. J Neurol 235:449\u2013453","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.007","volume":"12","author":"A Marx","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marx A, Pfister F, Schalke B, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Melms A, Strobel P (2013) The different roles of the thymus in the pathogenesis of the various myasthenia gravis subtypes. Autoimmun Rev 12:875\u2013884","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"8045_CR107","first-page":"1839","volume":"148","author":"A Marx","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marx A, Wilisch A, Schultz A, Greiner A, Magi B, Pallini V, Schalke B, Toyka K, Nix W, Kirchner T, Muller-Hermelink HK (1996) Expression of neurofilaments and of a titin epitope in thymic epithelial tumors. Implications for the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. Am J Pathol 148:1839\u20131850","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"8045_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3109\/08916930903555935","volume":"43","author":"A Marx","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marx A, Willcox N, Leite MI, Chuang WY, Schalke B, Nix W, Strobel P (2010) Thymoma and paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis. Autoimmunity 43:413\u2013427","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"8045_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302705","volume":"83","author":"T Masuda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Masuda T, Motomura M, Utsugisawa K, Nagane Y, Nakata R, Tokuda M, Fukuda T, Yoshimura T, Tsujihata M, Kawakami A (2012) Antibodies against the main immunogenic region of the acetylcholine receptor correlate with disease severity in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 83:935\u2013940","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8045_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20061","volume":"55","author":"J McConville","year":"2004","unstructured":"McConville J, Farrugia ME, Beeson D, Kishore U, Metcalfe R, Newsom-Davis J, Vincent A (2004) Detection and characterization of MuSK antibodies in seronegative myasthenia gravis. Ann Neurol 55:580\u2013584","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehndiratta MM, Pandey S, Kuntzer T (2011) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment for myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD006986","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006986.pub2"},{"key":"8045_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1159\/000113809","volume":"2","author":"HG Mertens","year":"1969","unstructured":"Mertens HG, Balzereit F, Leipert M (1969) The treatment of severe myasthenia gravis with immunosuppressive agents. Eur Neurol 2:321\u2013339","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.11.040","volume":"87","author":"DM Meyer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Meyer DM, Herbert MA, Sobhani NC, Tavakolian P, Duncan A, Bruns M, Korngut K, Williams J, Prince SL, Huber L, Wolfe GI, Mack MJ (2009) Comparative clinical outcomes of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis performed by extended transsternal and minimally invasive approaches. Ann Thorac Surg 87:385\u2013391","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"8045_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410240619","volume":"24","author":"M Michels","year":"1988","unstructured":"Michels M, Hohlfeld R, Hartung HP, Heininger K, Besinger UA, Toyka KV (1988) Myasthenia gravis: discontinuation of long-term azathioprine. Ann Neurol 24:798","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.09.033","volume":"300","author":"N Minami","year":"2011","unstructured":"Minami N, Fujiki N, Doi S, Shima K, Niino M, Kikuchi S, Sasaki H (2011) Five-year follow-up with low-dose tacrolimus in patients with myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Sci 300:59\u201362","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000312373.67493.7f","volume":"71","author":"Muscle Study G","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muscle Study G (2008) A trial of mycophenolate mofetil with prednisone as initial immunotherapy in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 71:394\u2013399","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.47.0513","volume":"47","author":"A Nagaishi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagaishi A, Yukitake M, Kuroda Y (2008) Long-term treatment of steroid-dependent myasthenia gravis patients with low-dose tacrolimus. Intern Med 47:731\u2013736","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"8045_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000085833","volume":"53","author":"Y Nagane","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nagane Y, Utsugisawa K, Obara D, Kondoh R, Terayama Y (2005) Efficacy of low-dose FK506 in the treatment of myasthenia gravis\u2013a randomized pilot study. Eur Neurol 53:146\u2013150","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR119","first-page":"456","volume":"298","author":"J Newsom-Davis","year":"1978","unstructured":"Newsom-Davis J, Vincent A, Wilson SG, Ward CD, Pinching AJ, Hawkey C (1978) Plasmapheresis for myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med 298:456\u2013457","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8045_CR120","first-page":"819","volume":"296","author":"AR Nissenson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Nissenson AR (1977) Reduction of IgG levels in myasthenia. N Engl J Med 296:819\u2013820","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8045_CR121","first-page":"378","volume":"79","author":"L Novellino","year":"1994","unstructured":"Novellino L, Longoni M, Spinelli L, Andretta M, Cozzi M, Faillace G, Vitellaro M, De Benedetti D, Pezzuoli G (1994) \u201cExtended\u201d thymectomy, without sternotomy, performed by cervicotomy and thoracoscopic technique in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Int Surg 79:378\u2013381","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"8045_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114233","volume":"309","author":"P O\u2019Donovan","year":"2005","unstructured":"O\u2019Donovan P, Perrett CM, Zhang X, Montaner B, Xu YZ, Harwood CA, McGregor JM, Walker SL, Hanaoka F, Karran P (2005) Azathioprine and UVA light generate mutagenic oxidative DNA damage. Science 309:1871\u20131874","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"8045_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1778","volume":"50","author":"J Palace","year":"1998","unstructured":"Palace J, Newsom-Davis J, Lecky B (1998) A randomized double-blind trial of prednisolone alone or with azathioprine in myasthenia gravis. Myasthenia Gravis Study Group. Neurology 50:1778\u20131783","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410150316","volume":"15","author":"RM Pascuzzi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pascuzzi RM, Coslett HB, Johns TR (1984) Long-term corticosteroid treatment of myasthenia gravis: report of 116 patients. Ann Neurol 15:291\u2013298","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-6194-7","volume":"259","author":"A Pevzner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pevzner A, Schoser B, Peters K, Cosma NC, Karakatsani A, Schalke B, Melms A, Kroger S (2012) Anti-LRP4 autoantibodies in AChR- and MuSK-antibody-negative myasthenia gravis. J Neurol 259:427\u2013435","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR126","unstructured":"Pharmaceuticals A (2013) Safety and efficacy of eculizumab in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (REGAIN study). ClinicalTrialsgov web-page NCT01997229"},{"key":"8045_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91917-6","volume":"2","author":"AJ Pinching","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pinching AJ, Peters DK (1976) Remission of myasthenia gravis following plasma-exchange. Lancet 2:1373\u20131376","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"8045_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5941","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.5941","volume":"174","author":"S Poea-Guyon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Poea-Guyon S, Christadoss P, Le Panse R, Guyon T, De Baets M, Wakkach A, Bidault J, Tzartos S, Berrih-Aknin S (2005) Effects of cytokines on acetylcholine receptor expression: implications for myasthenia gravis. J Immunol 174:5941\u20135949","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"8045_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.02.021","volume":"36","author":"E Pompeo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pompeo E, Tacconi F, Massa R, Mineo D, Nahmias S, Mineo TC (2009) Long-term outcome of thoracoscopic extended thymectomy for nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 36:164\u2013169","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"8045_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000160392.32894.6D","volume":"64","author":"JM Ponseti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ponseti JM, Azem J, Fort JM, Lopez-Cano M, Vilallonga R, Buera M, Cervera C, Armengol M (2005) Long-term results of tacrolimus in cyclosporine- and prednisone-dependent myasthenia gravis. Neurology 64:1641\u20131643","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.000","volume":"1132","author":"JM Ponseti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ponseti JM, Gamez J, Azem J, Lopez-Cano M, Vilallonga R, Armengol M (2008) Tacrolimus for myasthenia gravis: a clinical study of 212 patients. Ann NY Acad Sci 1132:254\u2013263","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20515","volume":"34","author":"AR Punga","year":"2006","unstructured":"Punga AR, Flink R, Askmark H, Stalberg EV (2006) Cholinergic neuromuscular hyperactivity in patients with myasthenia gravis seropositive for MuSK antibody. Muscle Nerve 34:111\u2013115","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"8045_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.3.629","volume":"52","author":"AI Qureshi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Qureshi AI, Choudhry MA, Akbar MS, Mohammad Y, Chua HC, Yahia AM, Ulatowski JA, Krendel DA, Leshner RT (1999) Plasma exchange versus intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in myasthenic crisis. Neurology 52:629\u2013632","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.4103","volume":"72","author":"AE Renton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Renton AE, Pliner HA, Provenzano C, Evoli A, Ricciardi R, Nalls MA, Marangi G, Abramzon Y, Arepalli S, Chong S, Hernandez DG, Johnson JO, Bartoccioni E, Scuderi F, Maestri M, Gibbs JR, Errichiello E, Chio A, Restagno G, Sabatelli M, Macek M, Scholz SW, Corse A, Chaudhry V, Benatar M, Barohn RJ, McVey A, Pasnoor M, Dimachkie MM, Rowin J, Kissel J, Freimer M, Kaminski HJ, Sanders DB, Lipscomb B, Massey JM, Chopra M, Howard JF Jr, Koopman WJ, Nicolle MW, Pascuzzi RM, Pestronk A, Wulf C, Florence J, Blackmore D, Soloway A, Siddiqi Z, Muppidi S, Wolfe G, Richman D, Mezei MM, Jiwa T, Oger J, Drachman DB, Traynor BJ (2015) A genome-wide association study of myasthenia gravis. JAMA Neurol 72:396\u2013404","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.4.492","volume":"65","author":"NP Robertson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Robertson NP, Deans J, Compston DA (1998) Myasthenia gravis: a population based epidemiological study in Cambridgeshire, England. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 65:492\u2013496","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8045_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130506","volume":"13","author":"M Rodriguez","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rodriguez M, Gomez MR, Howard FM Jr, Taylor WF (1983) Myasthenia gravis in children: long-term follow-up. Ann Neurol 13:504\u2013510","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01785.x","volume":"14","author":"F Romi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Romi F, Aarli JA, Gilhus NE (2007) Myasthenia gravis patients with ryanodine receptor antibodies have distinctive clinical features. Eur J Neurol 14:617\u2013620","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00145-5","volume":"128","author":"F Romi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Romi F, Bo L, Skeie GO, Myking A, Aarli JA, Gilhus NE (2002) Titin and ryanodine receptor epitopes are expressed in cortical thymoma along with costimulatory molecules. J Neuroimmunol 128:82\u201389","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"8045_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00038-3","volume":"125","author":"I Roxanis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Roxanis I, Micklem K, McConville J, Newsom-Davis J, Willcox N (2002) Thymic myoid cells and germinal center formation in myasthenia gravis; possible roles in pathogenesis. J Neuroimmunol 125:185\u2013197","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"8045_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s004649901142","volume":"13","author":"JC Ruckert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ruckert JC, Gellert K, Muller JM (1999) Operative technique for thoracoscopic thymectomy. Surg Endosc 13:943\u2013946","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"8045_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880181220","volume":"18","author":"MN Sabbagh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sabbagh MN, Garza JS, Patten B (1995) Thoracoscopic thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 18:1475\u20131477","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"8045_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01477144","volume":"58","author":"W Samtleben","year":"1980","unstructured":"Samtleben W, Besinger UA, Toyka KV, Fateh-Moghadam A, Brehm G, Gurland HJ (1980) Plasma-separation in myasthenia gravis: a new method of rapid plasma exchange. Klin Wochenschr 58:47\u201349","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"8045_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000065882.63904.53","volume":"60","author":"DB Sanders","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sanders DB, El-Salem K, Massey JM, McConville J, Vincent A (2003) Clinical aspects of MuSK antibody positive seronegative MG. Neurology 60:1978\u20131980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000312374.95186.cc","volume":"71","author":"DB Sanders","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanders DB, Hart IK, Mantegazza R, Shukla SS, Siddiqi ZA, De Baets MH, Melms A, Nicolle MW, Solomons N, Richman DP (2008) An international, phase III, randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 71:400\u2013406","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.29.1.68","volume":"29","author":"DB Sanders","year":"1979","unstructured":"Sanders DB, Howard JF Jr, Johns TR (1979) Single-fiber electromyography in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 29:68\u201376","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/35097557","volume":"2","author":"JR Sanes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sanes JR, Lichtman JW (2001) Induction, assembly, maturation and maintenance of a postsynaptic apparatus. Nat Rev Neurosci 2:791\u2013805","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"8045_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112069","volume":"76","author":"W Savino","year":"1985","unstructured":"Savino W, Manganella G, Verley JM, Wolff A, Berrih S, Levasseur P, Binet JP, Dardenne M, Bach JF (1985) Thymoma epithelial cells secrete thymic hormone but do not express class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex. J Clin Invest 76:1140\u20131146","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"8045_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220205","volume":"22","author":"M Schluep","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schluep M, Willcox N, Vincent A, Dhoot GK, Newsom-Davis J (1987) Acetylcholine receptors in human thymic myoid cells in situ: an immunohistological study. Ann Neurol 22:212\u2013222","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schneider-Gold C, Gajdos P, Toyka KV, Hohlfeld RR (2005) Corticosteroids for myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD002828","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002828.pub2"},{"key":"8045_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.09.81","volume":"9","author":"A Schroder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schroder A, Linker RA, Gold R (2009) Plasmapheresis for neurological disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 9:1331\u20131339","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"8045_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seldin MF, Alkhairy OK, Lee AT, Lamb JA, Sussman J, Pirskanen-Matell R, Piehl F, Verschuuren JJ, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Szczudlik P, McKee D, Maniaol AH, Harbo HF, Lie BA, Melms A, Garchon HJ, Willcox N, Gregersen PK, Hammarstrom L (2015) Genome-wide Association Study of Late-Onset Myasthenia Gravis: Confirmation of TNFRSF11A, and Identification of ZBTB10 and Three Distinct HLA Associations. Mol Med","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2015.00232"},{"key":"8045_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11010.x","volume":"841","author":"ME Seybold","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seybold ME (1998) Thymectomy in childhood myasthenia gravis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 841:731\u2013741","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197401102900204","volume":"290","author":"ME Seybold","year":"1974","unstructured":"Seybold ME, Drachman DB (1974) Gradually increasing doses of prednisone in myasthenia gravis. Reducing the hazards of treatment. N Engl J Med 290:81\u201384","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8045_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5190","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI66039","volume":"123","author":"C Shen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shen C, Lu Y, Zhang B, Figueiredo D, Bean J, Jung J, Wu H, Barik A, Yin DM, Xiong WC, Mei L (2013) Antibodies against low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 induce myasthenia gravis. J Clin Invest 123:5190\u20135202","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"8045_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21545","volume":"116","author":"K Shigemoto","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shigemoto K, Kubo S, Maruyama N, Hato N, Yamada H, Jie C, Kobayashi N, Mominoki K, Abe Y, Ueda N, Matsuda S (2006) Induction of myasthenia by immunization against muscle-specific kinase. J Clin Invest 116:1016\u20131024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"8045_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20341","volume":"57","author":"H Shiraishi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shiraishi H, Motomura M, Yoshimura T, Fukudome T, Fukuda T, Nakao Y, Tsujihata M, Vincent A, Eguchi K (2005) Acetylcholine receptors loss and postsynaptic damage in MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis. Ann Neurol 57:289\u2013293","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.1.128","volume":"41","author":"J Siara","year":"1991","unstructured":"Siara J, Rudel R, Marx A (1991) Absence of acetylcholine-induced current in epithelial cells from thymus glands and thymomas of myasthenia gravis patients. Neurology 41:128\u2013131","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03019.x","volume":"17","author":"GO Skeie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Skeie GO, Apostolski S, Evoli A, Gilhus NE, Illa I, Harms L, Hilton-Jones D, Melms A, Verschuuren J, Horge HW, European Federation of Neurological S (2010) Guidelines for treatment of autoimmune neuromuscular transmission disorders. Eur J Neurol 17:893\u2013902","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR159","first-page":"777","volume-title":"Myasthenia Gravis and Related Diseases: Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction","author":"G Slesak","year":"1998","unstructured":"Slesak G, Melms A, Fea Gerneth (1998) Late-onset myasthenia gravis\u2013 follow-up of 113 patients diagnosed after age 60. In: Richman DP (ed) Myasthenia Gravis and Related Diseases: Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction. Ann NY Acad Sci, New York, pp 777\u2013780"},{"key":"8045_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.2.156","volume":"62","author":"N Sommer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sommer N, Sigg B, Melms A, Weller M, Schepelmann K, Herzau V, Dichgans J (1997) Ocular myasthenia gravis: response to long-term immunosuppressive treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 62:156\u2013162","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8045_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-010-3059-8","volume":"82","author":"M Stangel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stangel M, Gold R (2011) Administration of intravenous immunoglobulins in neurology. An evidence-based consensus: update 2010. Nervenarzt 82:415\u2013416","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"8045_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.10.113","volume":"22","author":"P Strobel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Strobel P, Bauer A, Puppe B, Kraushaar T, Krein A, Toyka K, Gold R, Semik M, Kiefer R, Nix W, Schalke B, Muller-Hermelink HK, Marx A (2004) Tumor recurrence and survival in patients treated for thymomas and thymic squamous cell carcinomas: a retrospective analysis. J Clin Oncol 22:1501\u20131509","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"8045_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.018","volume":"1132","author":"P Strobel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strobel P, Chuang WY, Chuvpilo S, Zettl A, Katzenberger T, Kalbacher H, Rieckmann P, Nix W, Schalke B, Gold R, Muller-Hermelink HK, Peterson P, Marx A (2008) Common cellular and diverse genetic basis of thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis: role of MHC class II and AIRE genes and genetic polymorphisms. Ann NY Acad Sci 1132:143\u2013156","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.1.159","volume":"100","author":"P Strobel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Strobel P, Helmreich M, Menioudakis G, Lewin SR, Rudiger T, Bauer A, Hoffacker V, Gold R, Nix W, Schalke B, Elert O, Semik M, Muller-Hermelink HK, Marx A (2002) Paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis correlates with generation of mature naive CD4(+) T cells in thymomas. Blood 100:159\u2013166","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8045_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.06.017","volume":"201\u2013202","author":"P Strobel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strobel P, Moritz R, Leite MI, Willcox N, Chuang WY, Gold R, Nix W, Schalke B, Kiefer R, Muller-Hermelink HK, Jaretzki Iii A, Newsom-Davis J, Marx A (2008) The ageing and myasthenic thymus: a morphometric study validating a standard procedure in the histological workup of thymic specimens. J Neuroimmunol 201\u2013202:64\u201373","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"8045_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2141","volume":"211","author":"P Strobel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Strobel P, Murumagi A, Klein R, Luster M, Lahti M, Krohn K, Schalke B, Nix W, Gold R, Rieckmann P, Toyka K, Burek C, Rosenwald A, Muller-Hermelink HK, Pujoll-Borrell R, Meager A, Willcox N, Peterson P, Marx A (2007) Deficiency of the autoimmune regulator AIRE in thymomas is insufficient to elicit autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS-1). J Pathol 211:563\u2013571","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"8045_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20340","volume":"56","author":"P Strobel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Strobel P, Rosenwald A, Beyersdorf N, Kerkau T, Elert O, Murumagi A, Sillanpaa N, Peterson P, Hummel V, Rieckmann P, Burek C, Schalke B, Nix W, Kiefer R, Muller-Hermelink HK, Marx A (2004) Selective loss of regulatory T cells in thymomas. Ann Neurol 56:901\u2013904","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.28","volume":"66","author":"J Strober","year":"2009","unstructured":"Strober J, Cowan MJ, Horn BN (2009) Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for refractory myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol 66:659\u2013661","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-200115060-00003","volume":"15","author":"B Tackenberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tackenberg B, Hemmer B, Oertel WH, Sommer N (2001) Immunosuppressive treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis. BioDrugs 15:369\u2013378","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"8045_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/0891693031000084369","volume":"36","author":"B Tackenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tackenberg B, Nitschke M, Willcox N, Ziegler A, Nessler S, Schumm F, Oertel WH, Hemmer B, Sommer N (2003) CD45 isoform expression in autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Autoimmunity 36:117\u2013121","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"8045_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.08.018","volume":"216","author":"B Tackenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tackenberg B, Schlegel K, Happel M, Eienbroker C, Gellert K, Oertel WH, Meager A, Willcox N, Sommer N (2009) Expanded TCR Vbeta subsets of CD8(+) T-cells in late-onset myasthenia gravis: novel parallels with thymoma patients. J Neuroimmunol 216:85\u201391","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"8045_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.03.010","volume":"247","author":"M Tada","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tada M, Shimohata T, Tada M, Oyake M, Igarashi S, Onodera O, Naruse S, Tanaka K, Tsuji S, Nishizawa M (2006) Long-term therapeutic efficacy and safety of low-dose tacrolimus (FK506) for myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Sci 247:17\u201320","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2012.09.012","volume":"145","author":"M Thiruppathi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thiruppathi M, Rowin J, Ganesh B, Sheng JR, Prabhakar BS, Meriggioli MN (2012) Impaired regulatory function in circulating CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low\/\u2212) T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Immunol 145:209\u2013223","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"8045_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22937.x","volume":"681","author":"RS Tindall","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tindall RS, Phillips JT, Rollins JA, Wells L, Hall K (1993) A clinical therapeutic trial of cyclosporine in myasthenia gravis. Ann NY Acad Sci 681:539\u2013551","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1179220","volume":"190","author":"KV Toyka","year":"1975","unstructured":"Toyka KV, Brachman DB, Pestronk A, Kao I (1975) Myasthenia gravis: passive transfer from man to mouse. Science 190:397\u2013399","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"8045_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197701202960301","volume":"296","author":"KV Toyka","year":"1977","unstructured":"Toyka KV, Drachman DB, Griffin DE, Pestronk A, Winkelstein JA, Fishbeck KH, Kao I (1977) Myasthenia gravis. Study of humoral immune mechanisms by passive transfer to mice. N Engl J Med 296:125\u2013131","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8045_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808325653","volume":"24","author":"MM Tracy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tracy MM, McRae W, Millichap JG (2009) Graded response to thymectomy in children with myasthenia gravis. J Child Neurol 24:454\u2013459","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR178","unstructured":"Travis WD, Brambilla E, Burke AP, Marx A, Nicholson AG (2015) WHO classification of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. IARC Press 4th ed"},{"key":"8045_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-1016-5_9","volume":"384","author":"JV Trontelj","year":"1995","unstructured":"Trontelj JV, Stalberg E (1995) Single fiber electromyography in studies of neuromuscular function. Adv Exp Med Biol 384:109\u2013119","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"8045_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-6007-9","volume":"255","author":"H Tumani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tumani H (2008) Corticosteroids and plasma exchange in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 255(Suppl 6):36\u201342","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.2.755","volume":"77","author":"SJ Tzartos","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tzartos SJ, Lindstrom JM (1980) Monoclonal antibodies used to probe acetylcholine receptor structure: localization of the main immunogenic region and detection of similarities between subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:755\u2013759","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"8045_CR182","first-page":"347","volume":"59","author":"RL Velde Van de","year":"1970","unstructured":"Van de Velde RL, Friedman NB (1970) Thymic myoid cells and myasthenia gravis. Am J Pathol 59:347\u2013368","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"8045_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000173031.56429.04","volume":"65","author":"S Vernino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vernino S, Salomao DR, Habermann TM, O\u2019Neill BP (2005) Primary CNS lymphoma complicating treatment of myasthenia gravis with mycophenolate mofetil. Neurology 65:639\u2013641","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(94)90168-6","volume":"39","author":"A Vincent","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vincent A, Jacobson L, Shillito P (1994) Response to human acetylcholine receptor alpha 138\u2013199: determinant spreading initiates autoimmunity to self-antigen in rabbits. Immunol Lett 39:269\u2013275","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"8045_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65225-X","volume":"155","author":"A Wakkach","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wakkach A, Poea S, Chastre E, Gespach C, Lecerf F, De La Porte S, Tzartos S, Coulombe A, Berrih-Aknin S (1999) Establishment of a human thymic myoid cell line. Phenotypic and functional characteristics. Am J Pathol 155:1229\u20131240","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"8045_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1405.021","volume":"1132","author":"N Willcox","year":"2008","unstructured":"Willcox N, Leite MI, Kadota Y, Jones M, Meager A, Subrahmanyam P, Dasgupta B, Morgan BP, Vincent A (2008) Autoimmunizing mechanisms in thymoma and thymus. Ann NY Acad Sci 1132:163\u2013173","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR187","first-page":"447","volume":"127","author":"N Willcox","year":"1987","unstructured":"Willcox N, Schluep M, Ritter MA, Schuurman HJ, Newsom-Davis J, Christensson B (1987) Myasthenic and nonmyasthenic thymoma. An expansion of a minor cortical epithelial cell subset? Am J Pathol 127:447\u2013460","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"8045_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410150615","volume":"15","author":"AS Witte","year":"1984","unstructured":"Witte AS, Cornblath DR, Parry GJ, Lisak RP, Schatz NJ (1984) Azathioprine in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Ann Neurol 15:602\u2013605","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.36.11.1533","volume":"36","author":"AS Witte","year":"1986","unstructured":"Witte AS, Cornblath DR, Schatz NJ, Lisak RP (1986) Monitoring azathioprine therapy in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 36:1533\u20131534","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1254.061","volume":"998","author":"GI Wolfe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wolfe GI, Kaminski HJ, Jaretzki A 3rd, Swan A, Newsom-Davis J (2003) Development of a thymectomy trial in nonthymomatous myasthenia gravis patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Ann NY Acad Sci 998:473\u2013480","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"8045_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150070149","volume":"247","author":"JH Yeh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yeh JH, Chiu HC (2000) Comparison between double-filtration plasmapheresis and immunoadsorption plasmapheresis in the treatment of patients with myasthenia gravis. J Neurol 247:510\u2013513","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.5.1440","volume":"108","author":"AP Yim","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yim AP, Kay RL, Ho JK (1995) Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Chest 108:1440\u20131443","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"8045_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300148","volume":"82","author":"H Yoshikawa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yoshikawa H, Kiuchi T, Saida T, Takamori M (2011) Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of tacrolimus in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 82:970\u2013977","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"8045_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2006.00268.x","volume":"30","author":"H Zeitler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zeitler H, Ulrich-Merzenich G, Hoffmann L, Kornblum C, Schmidt S, Vetter H, Walger P (2006) Long-term effects of a multimodal approach including immunoadsorption for the treatment of myasthenic crisis. Artif Organs 30:597\u2013605","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"8045_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91816","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091816","volume":"9","author":"B Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang B, Shen C, Bealmear B, Ragheb S, Xiong WC, Lewis RA, Lisak RP, Mei L (2014) Autoantibodies to agrin in myasthenia gravis patients. PLoS One 9:e91816","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"8045_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.2393","volume":"69","author":"B Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang B, Tzartos JS, Belimezi M, Ragheb S, Bealmear B, Lewis RA, Xiong WC, Lisak RP, Tzartos SJ, Mei L (2012) Autoantibodies to lipoprotein-related protein 4 in patients with double-seronegative myasthenia gravis. Arch Neurol 69:445\u2013451","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"8045_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20069","volume":"30","author":"L Zhou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhou L, McConville J, Chaudhry V, Adams RN, Skolasky RL, Vincent A, Drachman DB (2004) Clinical comparison of muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody-positive and -negative myasthenic patients. Muscle Nerve 30:55\u201360","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"8045_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000256698.69121.45","volume":"68","author":"L Zinman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zinman L, Ng E, Bril V (2007) IV immunoglobulin in patients with myasthenia gravis: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 68:837\u2013841","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8045_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2013.12.004","volume":"52","author":"P Zisimopoulou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zisimopoulou P, Evangelakou P, Tzartos J, Lazaridis K, Zouvelou V, Mantegazza R, Antozzi C, Andreetta F, Evoli A, Deymeer F, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Durmus H, Brenner T, Vaknin A, Berrih-Aknin S, Frenkian Cuvelier M, Stojkovic T, DeBaets M, Losen M, Martinez-Martinez P, Kleopa KA, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Kyriakides T, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Szczudlik P, Szyluk B, Lavrnic D, Basta I, Peric S, Tallaksen C, Maniaol A, Tzartos SJ (2014) A comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of anti-LRP4 in myasthenia gravis. J Autoimmun 52:139\u2013145","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8045-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8045-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8045-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T16:26:57Z","timestamp":1600187217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8045-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]]},"references-count":199,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["8045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8045-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,17]]}}}