{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:51:28Z","timestamp":1792036288783,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01GM1103A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GM1103A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8790-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]],"date-time":"2018-02-20T12:08:16Z","timestamp":1519128496000},"page":"1026-1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["The metabolic and endocrine characteristics in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"265","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Rosenbohm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander E.","family":"Volk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Grehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Grosskreutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hanisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Kollewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Kress","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Petri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Prudlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Wessig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Peter","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Dreyhaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Weishaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kubisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kassubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Weydt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert C.","family":"Ludolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6330","key":"8790_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/352077a0","volume":"352","author":"AR Spada La","year":"1991","unstructured":"La Spada AR, Wilson EM, Lubahn DB, Harding AE, Fischbeck KH (1991) Androgen receptor gene mutations in X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Nature 352(6330):77\u201379","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"8790_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1086\/302578","volume":"65","author":"F Tanaka","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tanaka F, Reeves MF, Ito Y et al (1999) Tissue-specific somatic mosaicism in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is dependent on CAG-repeat length and androgen receptor\u2013gene expression level. Am J Hum Genet 65(4):966\u2013973","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"8790_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3242","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp258","volume":"132","author":"LE Rhodes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rhodes LE, Freeman BK, Auh S et al (2009) Clinical features of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Brain 132(Pt 12):3242\u20133251","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"8790_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8405-3","volume":"264","author":"H Nakatsuji","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakatsuji H, Araki A, Hashizume A, Hijikata Y, Yamada S, Inagaki T, Suzuki K, Banno H, Suga N, Okada Y, Ohyama M, Nakagawa T, Kishida K, Funahashi T, Shimomura I, Okano H, Katsuno M, Sobue G (2017) Correlation of insulin resistance and motor function in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. J Neurol 264(5):839\u2013847","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8790_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.2308","volume":"69","author":"M Katsuno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Katsuno M, Banno H, Suzuki K, Adachi H, Tanaka F, Sobue G (2012) Molecular pathophysiology and disease-modifying therapies for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Arch Neurol 69:436\u2013440","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"8790_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-9978-7","volume":"50","author":"A Rocchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rocchi A, Pennuto M (2013) New routes to therapy for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. J Mol Neurosci 50:514\u2013523","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"8790_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.05.012","volume":"99","author":"KH Fischbeck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fischbeck KH (2012) Developing treatment for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Prog Neurobiol 99(3):257\u2013261","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"8790_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70321-5","volume":"10","author":"LE Fern\u00e1ndez-Rhodes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rhodes LE, Kokkinis AD, White MJ et al (2011) Efficacy and safety of dutasteride in patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 10(2):140\u2013147","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"8790_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.05.007","volume":"99","author":"M Katsuno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Katsuno M, Tanaka F, Adachi H et al (2012) Pathogenesis and therapy of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Prog Neurobiol 99(3):246\u2013256","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"8790_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-015-0682-7","volume":"58","author":"P Weydt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weydt P, Sagnelli A, Rosenbohm A, Pradat P-F, Ludolph AC, Pareyson D (2015) Clinical trials in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy-past, present, and future. J Mol Neurosci 58(3):379\u2013387","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"8790_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl096","volume":"129","author":"N Atsuta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Atsuta N, Watanabe H, Ito M et al (2006) Natural history of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA): a study of 223 Japanese patients. Brain 129(Pt 6):1446\u20131455","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"12","key":"8790_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.12.2300","volume":"42","author":"S Igarashi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Igarashi S, Tanno Y, Onodera O et al (1992) Strong correlation between the number of CAG repeats in androgen receptor genes and the clinical onset of features of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neurology. 42(12):2300\u20132302","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"1","key":"8790_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00428.x","volume":"112","author":"J-H Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee J-H, Shin J-H, Park K-P et al (2005) Phenotypic variability in Kennedy\u2019s disease: implication of the early diagnostic features. Acta Neurol Scand 112(1):57\u201363","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"8790_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.12.1921","volume":"59","author":"AD Sperfeld","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sperfeld AD, Karitzky J, Brummer D et al (2002) X-linked bulbospinal neuronopathy: Kennedy disease. Arch Neurol 59(12):1921\u20131926","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"8790_CR15","first-page":"3893","volume":"87","author":"S Dejager","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dejager S (2002) A comprehensive endocrine description of Kennedy\u2019s disease revealing androgen insensitivity linked to cag repeat length. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(8):3893","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"8790_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00834-6","volume":"35","author":"M Katsuno","year":"2002","unstructured":"Katsuno M, Adachi H, Kume A et al (2002) Testosterone reduction prevents phenotypic expression in a transgenic mouse model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neuron 35(5):843\u2013854","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"8","key":"8790_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311305","volume":"87","author":"G Querin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Querin G, Bertolin C, Da Re E et al (2015) Non-neural phenotype of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: results from a large cohort of Italian patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 87(8):810\u2013816","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr."},{"key":"8790_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2015.06.462","volume":"25","author":"M Pennuto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pennuto M, Greensmith L, Pradat P-F et al (2015) 210th ENMC International Workshop: research and clinical management of patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, 27\u201329 March, 2015, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 25:802\u2013812","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"8790_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2014.06.441","volume":"24","author":"C Grunseich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grunseich C, Kats IR, Bott LC et al (2014) Early onset and novel features in a spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy patient with a 68 CAG repeat. Neuromuscul Disord 24(11):978\u2013981","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"8790_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.07.019","volume":"63","author":"I Palazzolo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Palazzolo I, Stack C, Kong L et al (2009) Overexpression of IGF-1 in muscle attenuates disease in a mouse model of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neuron 63(3):316\u2013328","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"6","key":"8790_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(99)00132-7","volume":"10","author":"C Mariotti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mariotti C, Castellotti B, Pareyson D et al (2000) Phenotypic manifestations associated with CAG-repeat expansion in the androgen receptor gene in male patients and heterozygous females: a clinical and molecular study of 30 families. Neuromuscul Disord 10(6):391\u2013397","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"8790_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122279","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122279","volume":"10","author":"W Ni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ni W, Chen S, Qiao K, Wang N, Wu Z-Y (2015) Genotype-phenotype correlation in Chinese patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. PLoS One 10(3):e0122279","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"8790_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddn310","volume":"18","author":"S Ranganathan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ranganathan S, Harmison GG, Meyertholen K, Pennuto M, Burnett BG, Fischbeck KH (2008) Mitochondrial abnormalities in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 18(1):27\u201342","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"8790_CR24","first-page":"1012","volume":"45","author":"AE Harding","year":"1982","unstructured":"Harding AE, Thomas PK, Baraitser M, Bradbury PG, Morgan-Hughes JA, Ponsford JR (1982) X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy: a report of ten cases. Brain 45(11):1012\u20131019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"8790_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.4.791","volume":"43","author":"AA Amato","year":"1993","unstructured":"Amato AA, Prior TW, Barohn RJ, Snyder P, Papp A, Mendell JR (1993) Kennedy\u2019s disease: a clinicopathologic correlation with mutations in the androgen receptor gene. Neurology. 43(4):791\u2013794","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"8790_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320517","volume":"32","author":"M Doyu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Doyu M, Sobue G, Mukai E et al (1992) Severity of X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy correlates with size of the tandem CAG repeat in androgen receptor gene. Ann Neurol 32:707\u2013710","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8790_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1549","volume":"24","author":"H-P M\u00fcller","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00fcller H-P, Raudies F, Unrath A, Neumann H, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J (2010) Quantification of human body fat tissue percentage by MRI. NMR Biomed 24(1):17\u201324","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"issue":"6","key":"8790_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67783","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067783","volume":"8","author":"E Lindauer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lindauer E, Dupuis L, M\u00fcller H-P, Neumann H, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J (2013) Adipose tissue distribution predicts survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 8(6):e67783","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"8790_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.101626","volume":"101","author":"K Fischer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fischer K, Moewes D, Koch M et al (2015) MRI-determined total volumes of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal and trunk adipose tissue are differentially and sex-dependently associated with patterns of estimated usual nutrient intake in a northern German population. Am J Clin Nutr 101(4):794\u2013807","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"8790_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(00)00106-9","volume":"21","author":"MA Proschan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Proschan MA, Waclawiw MA (2001) Practical guidelines for multiplicity adjustment in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 21(6):527\u2013539","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"8790_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.04.005","volume":"82","author":"C Rinaldi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rinaldi C, Bott LC, Fischbeck KH (2014) Muscle matters in Kennedy\u2019s disease. Neuron 82(2):251\u2013253","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"8790_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.03.001","volume":"82","author":"CJ Cortes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cortes CJ, Ling S-C, Guo LT et al (2014) Muscle expression of mutant androgen receptor accounts for systemic and motor neuron disease phenotypes in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neuron 82(2):295\u2013307","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"8790_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.02.008","volume":"7","author":"AP Lieberman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lieberman AP, Yu Z, Murray S et al (2014) Peripheral androgen receptor gene suppression rescues disease in mouse models of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Cell Rep. 7(3):774\u2013784","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"8790_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.1.209","volume":"112","author":"G Sorar\u00f9","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sorar\u00f9 G, Hashizume Y, Mukai E, Hirayama M, Mitsuma T, Takahashi A et al (1989) X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy. A clinicopathological study. Brain 112(1):209\u2013232 (Pt 1)","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"8790_CR35","first-page":"100","volume":"264","author":"G Sorar\u00f9","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sorar\u00f9 G, D\u2019Ascenzo C, Polo A et al (2007) Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: skeletal muscle pathology in male patients and heterozygous females. J Neurol Sci 264(1\u20132):100\u2013105","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"8790_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.08026.x","volume":"157","author":"R Sinclair","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sinclair R, Greenland KJ, van Egmond S, Hoedemaker C, Chapman A, Zajac JD (2007) Men with Kennedy disease have a reduced risk of androgenetic alopecia. Br J Dermatol 157(2):290\u2013294","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"8790_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e67783","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067783","volume":"27","author":"E Lindauer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lindauer E, Dupuis L, H\u00fcller HP, Neumann H, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J (2013) Adipose tissue distribution predicts survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PLoS One 27(8):e67783. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0067783","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"8790_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.07.024","volume":"63","author":"T Papanikolaou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Papanikolaou T, Ellerby LM (2009) IGF-1: elixir for motor neuron diseases. Neuron 63(3):277\u2013278","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"8790_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-015-0674-7","volume":"58","author":"KH Fischbeck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fischbeck KH (2015) Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy overview. J Mol Neurosci 58(3):317\u2013320","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8790-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8790-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8790-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T19:13:41Z","timestamp":1550603621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8790-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["8790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8790-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"All persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the University of Ulm (73\/10 and 92\/10).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}