{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:21:13Z","timestamp":1791195673420,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09191-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T03:24:54Z","timestamp":1547609094000},"page":"699-706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["High efficacy of rituximab for myasthenia gravis: a comprehensive nationwide study in Austria"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"266","author":[{"given":"Raffi","family":"Topakian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fritz","family":"Zimprich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Iglseder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Embacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Guger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Stieglbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Langenscheidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Quasthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Simschitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Wanschitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Windisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dierk","family":"Oel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnther","family":"Schustereder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Einsiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Eggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"L\u00f6scher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"9191_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602678","volume":"375","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gilhus NE (2016) Myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med 375:2570\u20132581","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9191_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.02.009","volume":"375","author":"K Stieglbauer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stieglbauer K, Pichler R, Topakian R (2017) 10-year-outcomes after rituximab for myasthenia gravis: efficacy, safety, costs of inhospital care, and impact on childbearing potential. J Neurol Sci 375:241\u2013244","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"9191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30369-1","volume":"16","author":"JF Howard Jr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Howard JF Jr, Utsugisawa K, Benatar M et al (2017) Safety and efficacy of eculizumab in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive refractory generalised myasthenia gravis (REGAIN): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study. Lancet Neurol 16:976\u2013986","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"9191_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.02.357","volume":"280","author":"K Stieglbauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stieglbauer K, Topakian R, Sch\u00e4ffer V et al (2009) Rituximab for myasthenia gravis: three case reports and review of the literature. J Neurol Sci 280:120\u2013122","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"9191_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.17925\/ENR.2010.05.02.95","volume":"5","author":"O Benveniste","year":"2010","unstructured":"Benveniste O, Hilton-Jones D (2010) The role of rituximab in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Eur Neurol Rev 5:95\u2013100","journal-title":"Eur Neurol Rev"},{"key":"9191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7532-3","volume":"262","author":"R Iorio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iorio R, Damato V, Alboini PE et al (2015) Efficacy and safety of rituximab for myasthenia gravis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 262:1115\u20131119","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"9191_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25597","volume":"56","author":"R Tandan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tandan R, Hehir MK, Waheed W et al (2017) Rituximab treatment of myasthenia gravis: a systematic review. Muscle Nerve 56:185\u2013196","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"9191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26107","volume":"58","author":"J Morren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morren J, Li Y (2018) Myasthenia gravis with muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies: a narrative review. Muscle Nerve 58:344\u2013358","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"9191_CR9","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.dgn.org\/leitlinien\/3005-ll-68-ll-diagnostik-und-therapie-der-myasthenia-gravis-und-des-lambert-eaton-syndroms\n                    \n                  . Access 18 Nov 2018"},{"key":"9191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16","volume":"55","author":"A Jaretzki 3rd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jaretzki A 3rd, Barohn RJ, Ernstoff RM et al (2000) Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards. Task Force of the Medical Scientific Advisory Board of the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America. Neurology 55:16\u201323","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602489","volume":"375","author":"GI Wolfe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wolfe GI, Kaminski HJ, Aban IB et al (2016) Randomized trial of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. N Engl J Med 375:511\u2013522","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9191_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.220475","volume":"82","author":"S Blum","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blum S, Gillis D, Brown H et al (2011) Use and monitoring of low dose rituximab in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 82:659\u2013663","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"9191_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182407982","volume":"78","author":"J D\u00edaz-Manera","year":"2012","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Manera J, Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez E, Querol L et al (2012) Long-lasting treatment effect of rituximab in MuSK myasthenia. Neurology 78:189\u2013193","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9191_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.07.009","volume":"298","author":"C Lebrun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lebrun C, Bourg V, Bresch S et al (2016) Therapeutic target of memory B cells depletion helps to tailor administration frequency of rituximab in myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 298:79\u201381","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9191_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.05.021","volume":"311","author":"S Jing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jing S, Song Y, Song J et al (2017) Responsiveness to low dose rituximab in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 311:14\u201321","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285611411503","volume":"4","author":"RJ Nowak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nowak RJ, Dicapua DB, Zebardast N, Goldstein JM (2011) Response of patients with refractory myasthenia gravis to rituximab: a retrospective study. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 4:259\u2013266","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"9191_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26156","volume":"58","author":"G Beecher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beecher G, Anderson D, Siddiqi ZA (2018) Rituximab in refractory myasthenia gravis: extended prospective study results. Muscle Nerve 58:452\u2013455","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"9191_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2016.12.004","volume":"27","author":"V Afanasiev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Afanasiev V, Demeret S, Bolgert F et al (2017) Resistant myasthenia gravis and rituximab: a monocentric retrospective study of 28 patients. Neuromuscul Disord 27:251\u2013258","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"9191_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-180300","volume":"5","author":"O Landon-Cardinal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Landon-Cardinal O, Friedman D, Guiguet M et al (2018) Efficacy of rituximab in refractory generalized anti-AChR myasthenia gravis. J Neuromuscul Dis 5:241\u2013249","journal-title":"J Neuromuscul Dis"},{"key":"9191_CR20","unstructured":"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02110706\n                    \n                  . Access 18 Nov 2018"},{"key":"9191_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004341","volume":"89","author":"MK Hehir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hehir MK, Hobson-Webb LD, Benatar M et al (2017) Rituximab as treatment for anti-MuSK myasthenia gravis: Multicenter blinded prospective review. Neurology 89:1069\u20131077","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9191_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2017.02.004","volume":"305","author":"P Raibagkar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raibagkar P, Ferry JA, Stone JH (2017) Is MuSK myasthenia gravis linked to IgG4-related disease? J Neuroimmunol 305:82\u201383","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R62","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2686","volume":"11","author":"B M\u00f6ller","year":"2009","unstructured":"M\u00f6ller B, Aeberli D, Eggli S et al (2009) Class-switched B cells display response to therapeutic B-cell depletion in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 11:R62","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"9191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25397","volume":"55","author":"K Utsugisawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Utsugisawa K, Nagane Y, Akaishi T et al (2017) Early fast-acting treatment strategy against generalized myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 55:794\u2013801","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"9191_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0190425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190425","volume":"13","author":"AB Memon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Memon AB, Javed A, Caon C et al (2018) Long-term safety of rituximab induced peripheral B-cell depletion in autoimmune neurological diseases. PLoS One 13:e0190425. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0190425","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.04.007","volume":"16","author":"A Kronbichler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kronbichler A, Windpessl M, Pieringer H et al (2017) Rituximab for immunologic renal disease: what the nephrologist needs to know. Autoimmun Rev 16:633\u2013643","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"9191_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000202","volume":"6","author":"KM Kanth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kanth KM, Solorzano GE, Goldman MD (2016) PML in a patient with myasthenia gravis treated with multiple immunosuppressing agents. Neurol Clin Pract 6:e17\u2013e19","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"9191_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0297-2","volume":"32","author":"NM Alkhawajah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alkhawajah NM, Oger J (2015) Treatment of myasthenia gravis in the aged. Drugs Aging 32:689\u2013697","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"9191_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2017.06.012","volume":"27","author":"K Muto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muto K, Matsui N, Unai Y et al (2017) Memory B cell resurgence requires repeated rituximab in myasthenia gravis. Neuromuscul Disord 27:918\u2013922","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"9191_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.564","volume":"5","author":"E Cort\u00e9s-Vicente","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cort\u00e9s-Vicente E, Rojas-Garcia R, D\u00edaz-Manera J et al (2018) The impact of rituximab infusion protocol on the long-term outcome in anti-MuSK myasthenia gravis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 5:710\u2013716","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"key":"9191_CR31","unstructured":"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02950155\n                    \n                  . Access 18 Nov 2018"},{"key":"9191_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24063","volume":"48","author":"JS Yi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yi JS, Decroos EC, Sanders DB et al (2013) Prolonged B-cell depletion in MuSK myasthenia gravis following rituximab treatment. Muscle Nerve 48:992\u2013993","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09191-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09191-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09191-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T19:07:51Z","timestamp":1579115271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09191-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09191-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 January 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}