{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T10:28:03Z","timestamp":1744194483270},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09243-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T11:13:19Z","timestamp":1550574799000},"page":"1136-1140","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Writing, reading, and speaking in blepharospasm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"266","author":[{"given":"Gina","family":"Ferrazzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Belvisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fabbrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Baione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Berardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Fabbrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"9243_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26934","volume":"32","author":"G Defazio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Defazio G, Hallett M, Jinnah HA, Conte A, Berardelli A (2017) Blepharospasm 40 years later. Mov Disord 32:498\u2013509","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9243_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829bfdf6","volume":"81","author":"G Defazio","year":"2013","unstructured":"Defazio G, Hallett M, Jinnah HA, Berardelli A (2013) Development and validation of a clinical guideline for diagnosing blepharospasm. Neurology 81:236\u2013240","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9243_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20889","volume":"21","author":"AR Bentivoglio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bentivoglio AR, Daniele A, Albanese A, Tonali PA, Fasano A (2006) Analysis of blink rate in patients with blepharospasm. Mov Disord 21:1225\u20131229","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9243_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26156","volume":"30","author":"G Defazio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Defazio G, Hallett M, Jinnah HA, Stebbins GT, Gigante AF, Ferrazzano G, Conte A, Fabbrini G, Berardelli A (2015) Development and validation of a clinical scale for rating the severity of blepharospasm. Mov Disord 30:525\u2013530","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9243_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318296e99d","volume":"80","author":"A Conte","year":"2013","unstructured":"Conte A, Defazio G, Ferrazzano G, Hallett M, Macerollo A, Fabbrini G, Berardelli A (2013) Is increased blinking a form of blepharospasm? Neurology 80:2236\u20132241","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9243_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2017.00011","volume":"11","author":"DA Peterson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peterson DA, Sejnowski TJ (2017) A dynamic circuit hypothesis for the pathogenesis of blepharospasm. Front Comput Neurosci 11:11","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"9243_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20635","volume":"20","author":"D Martino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martino D, Defazio G, Alessio G, Abbruzzese G, Girlanda P, Tinazzi M, Fabbrini G, Marinelli L, Majorana G, Buccafusca M, Vacca L, Livrea P, Berardelli A (2005) Relationship between eye symptoms and blepharospasm: a multicenter case\u2013control study. Mov Disord 20:1564\u20131570","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9243_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002560","volume":"86","author":"DM Simpson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Simpson DM, Hallett M, Ashman EJ, Comella CL, Green MW, Gronseth GS, Armstrong MJ, Gloss D, Potrebic S, Jankovic J, Karp BP, Naumann M, So YT, Yablon SA (2016) Practice guideline update summary: Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, adult spasticity, and headache: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 86:1818\u20131826","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9243_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307821","volume":"86","author":"G Ferrazzano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferrazzano G, Conte A, Fabbrini G, Bologna M, Macerollo A, Defazio G, Hallett M, Berardelli A (2015) Botulinum toxin and blink rate in patients with blepharospasm and increased blinking. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 86:336\u2013340","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"9243_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2019.1555475","author":"I Berardelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berardelli I, Pasquini M, Conte A, Bologna M, Berardelli A, Fabbrini G (2018) Treatment of psychiatric disturbances in common hyperkinetic movement disorders. Expert Rev Neurother. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737175.2019.1555475","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"9243_CR11","first-page":"443","volume":"237","author":"CN Karson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Karson CN (1989) Blinking. Bull Soc Belg Ophtalmol 237:443\u2013457","journal-title":"Bull Soc Belg Ophtalmol"},{"key":"9243_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn317","volume":"132","author":"M Bologna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bologna M, Agostino R, Gregori B, Belvisi D, Ottaviani D, Colosimo C, Fabbrini G, Berardelli A (2009) Voluntary, spontaneous and reflex blinking in patients with clinically probable progressive supranuclear palsy. Brain 132:502\u2013510","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"9243_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.3.593","volume":"108","author":"A Berardelli","year":"1985","unstructured":"Berardelli A, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Marsden CD (1985) Pathophysiology of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. Brain 108(Pt 3):593\u2013608","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"9243_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870030108","volume":"3","author":"E Tolosa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Tolosa E, Montserrat L, Bayes A (1988) Blink reflex studies in focal dystonias: enhanced excitability of brainstem interneurons in cranial dystonia and spasmodic torticollis. Mov Disord 3:61\u201369","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9243_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12499","volume":"4","author":"A Conte","year":"2017","unstructured":"Conte A, Ferrazzano G, Defazio G, Fabbrini G, Hallett M, Berardelli A (2017) Increased blinking may be a precursor of blepharospasm: a longitudinal study. Mov Disord Clin Pract 4:733\u2013736","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"9243_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25567","volume":"28","author":"HA Jinnah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jinnah HA, Berardelli A, Comella C, Defazio G, Delong MR, Factor S, Galpern WR, Hallett M, Ludlow CL, Perlmutter JS, Rosen AR (2013) The focal dystonias: current views and challenges for future research. Mov Disord 28:926\u2013943","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9243_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10569","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0079-06.2006","volume":"26","author":"F-P Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen F-P, Evinger C (2006) Cerebellar modulation of trigeminal reflex blinks: interpositus neurons. J Neurosci 26:10569\u201310576","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9243_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11256","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6218-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"J Kaminer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaminer J, Powers AS, Horn KG, Hui C, Evinger C (2011) Characterizing the spontaneous blink generator: an animal model. J Neurosci 31:11256\u201311267","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9243_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.01.077","volume":"381","author":"HW Yoon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yoon HW, Chung J-Y, Song M-S, Park H (2005) Neural correlates of eye blinking; improved by simultaneous fMRI and EOG measurement. Neurosci Lett 381:26\u201330","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"9243_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2012.06.003","volume":"31","author":"J Oh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oh J, Jeong S-Y, Jeong J (2012) The timing and temporal patterns of eye blinking are dynamically modulated by attention. Hum Mov Sci 31:1353\u20131365","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"9243_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1177\/0031512516640673","volume":"122","author":"EJ Schicatano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schicatano EJ (2016) The effects of attention on the trigeminal blink reflex. Percept Mot Skills 122:444\u2013451","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"9243_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858405284255","volume":"12","author":"PA Chouinard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chouinard PA, Paus T (2006) The primary motor and premotor areas of the human cerebral cortex. Neuroscientist 12:143\u2013152","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"9243_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0126723","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126723","volume":"10","author":"ARE Potgieser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Potgieser ARE, van der Hoorn A, de Jong BM (2015) Cerebral activations related to writing and drawing with each hand. PLoS One 10:e0126723","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9243_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.05.011","volume":"49","author":"S Planton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Planton S, Jucla M, Roux F-E, D\u00e9monet J-F (2013) The \u201chandwriting brain\u201d: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of motor versus orthographic processes. Cortex 49:2772\u20132787","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"9243_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.5.544","volume":"4","author":"T Allison","year":"1994","unstructured":"Allison T, McCarthy G, Nobre A, Puce A, Belger A (1994) Human extrastriate visual cortex and the perception of faces, words, numbers, and colors. Cereb Cortex 4:544\u2013554","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"9243_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9924(01)00060-0","volume":"34","author":"KR Pugh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pugh KR, Mencl WE, Jenner AR, Katz L, Frost SJ, Lee JR, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA (2001) Neurobiological studies of reading and reading disability. J Commun Disord 34:479\u2013492","journal-title":"J Commun Disord"},{"key":"9243_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2006.06.013","volume":"39","author":"FH Guenther","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guenther FH (2006) Cortical interactions underlying the production of speech sounds. J Commun Disord 39:350\u2013365","journal-title":"J Commun Disord"},{"key":"9243_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2005.06.001","volume":"96","author":"FH Guenther","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guenther FH, Ghosh SS, Tourville JA (2006) Neural modeling and imaging of the cortical interactions underlying syllable production. Brain Lang 96:280\u2013301","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"9243_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-200303000-00003","volume":"23","author":"RS Baker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baker RS, Andersen AH, Morecraft RJ, Smith CD (2003) A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in patients with benign essential blepharospasm. J Neurophthalmol 23:11\u201315","journal-title":"J Neurophthalmol"},{"key":"9243_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12106","volume":"2","author":"A Conte","year":"2015","unstructured":"Conte A, Falla M, Diana MC, Bologna M, Suppa A, Fabbrini A, Colosimo C, Berardelli A, Fabbrini G (2015) Spread of muscle spasms in hemifacial spasm. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2:53\u201355","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"9243_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.3.441","volume":"63","author":"C Colosimo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Colosimo C, Bologna M, Lamberti S, Avanzino L, Marinelli L, Fabbrini G, Abbruzzese G, Defazio G, Berardelli A (2006) A comparative study of primary and secondary hemifacial spasm. Arch Neurol 63:441\u2013444","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"9243_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.07.020","volume":"79","author":"SG Shamay-Tsoory","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shamay-Tsoory SG, Abu-Akel A (2016) The social salience hypothesis of oxytocin. Biol Psychiatry 79:194\u2013202","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09243-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09243-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09243-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:14:25Z","timestamp":1582071265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09243-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["9243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09243-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None of the authors have any potential conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The experimental procedure was approved by the institutional review boards and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from every participant.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}