{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:47:46Z","timestamp":1790282866634,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09268-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]],"date-time":"2019-03-15T21:06:07Z","timestamp":1552683967000},"page":"1376-1382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of levodopa on handwriting tasks of different complexity in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a kinematic study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"266","author":[{"given":"Poonam","family":"Zham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3602-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rekha","family":"Viswanthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kit","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanae J.","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sridhar Poosapadi","family":"Arjunan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Raghav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kempster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"9268_CR1","unstructured":"Kinnier Wilson S (1925) The Croonian Lecutures on some disorders of mortility and of muscle tone, with special reference to the corpus striatum. Lancet ii:1\u201310"},{"issue":"3","key":"9268_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000628","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000628","volume":"2","author":"AW Shukla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shukla AW, Ounpraseuth S, Okun MS, Gray V, Schwankhaus J, Metzer WS (2012) Micrographia and related deficits in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2(3):e000628\u2013e000628","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"9268_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25990","volume":"29","author":"A Letanneux","year":"2014","unstructured":"Letanneux A, Danna J, Velay JL, Viallet F, Pinto S (2014) From micrographia to Parkinson\u2019s disease dysgraphia. Mov Disord 29(12):1467\u20131475. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.25990","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"9268_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0162799","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162799","volume":"11","author":"M San Luciano","year":"2016","unstructured":"San Luciano M, Wang C, Ortega RA, Yu Q, Boschung S, Soto-Valencia J, Bressman SB, Lipton RB, Pullman S, Saunders-Pullman R (2016) Digitized spiral drawing: a possible biomarker for early Parkinson\u2019s disease. PloS One 11(10):e0162799","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"9268_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira CR, Pereira DR, da Silva FA, Hook C, Weber SA, Pereira LA, Papa JP (2015) A step towards the automated diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease: analyzing handwriting movements. In: 2015 IEEE 28th international symposium on computer-based medical systems. pp 171\u2013176","DOI":"10.1109\/CBMS.2015.34"},{"issue":"3","key":"9268_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2359997","volume":"23","author":"P Drotar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drotar P, Mekyska J, Rektorova I, Masarova L, Smekal Z, Faundez-Zanuy M (2015) Decision support framework for Parkinson\u2019s disease based on novel handwriting markers. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 23(3):508\u2013516. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2359997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"9268_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00435","volume":"8","author":"PZ Zham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zham PZ, Kumar DK, Dabnichki P, Arjunan S, Raghav S (2017) Distinguishing different stages of Parkinson\u2019s disease using composite index of speed and pen-pressure of sketching a spiral. Front Neurol 8:435","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"9268_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cobbah W, Fairhurst MC (2000) Computer analysis of handwriting dynamics during dopamimetic tests in Parkinson\u2019s disease. In: Euromicro Conference, 2000. Proceedings of the 26th IEEE, pp\u00a0414\u2013418","DOI":"10.1109\/EURMIC.2000.874521"},{"issue":"3","key":"9268_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110313","volume":"11","author":"T Eichhorn","year":"1996","unstructured":"Eichhorn T, Gasser T, Mai N, Marquardt C, Arnold G, Schwarz J, Oertel W (1996) Computational analysis of open loop handwriting movements in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a rapid method to detect dopamimetic effects. Mov Disord 11(3):289\u2013297","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"9268_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0346-9","volume":"113","author":"O Tucha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tucha O, Mecklinger L, Thome J, Reiter A, Alders G, Sartor H, Naumann M, Lange K (2006) Kinematic analysis of dopaminergic effects on skilled handwriting movements in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Transm 113(5):609\u2013623","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"1","key":"9268_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6918(98)00026-2","volume":"100","author":"P Poluha","year":"1998","unstructured":"Poluha P, Teulings H-L, Brookshire R (1998) Handwriting and speech changes across the levodopa cycle in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Psychol 100(1):71\u201384","journal-title":"Acta Psychol"},{"key":"9268_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.01.019","volume":"263","author":"S Broeder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Broeder S, Nackaerts E, Nieuwboer A, Smits-Engelsman BC, Swinnen SP, Heremans E (2014) The effects of dual tasking on handwriting in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuroscience 263:193\u2013202. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.01.019","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"9268_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","volume":"55","author":"AJ Hughes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ (1992) Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55(3):181\u2013184","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"9268_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq059","volume":"133","author":"PA Kempster","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kempster PA, O\u2019Sullivan SS, Holton JL, Revesz T, Lees AJ (2010) Relationships between age and late progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a clinico-pathological study. Brain 133(6):1755\u20131762","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"15","key":"9268_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22340","volume":"23","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Tilley BC, Shaftman SR, Stebbins GT, Fahn S, Martinez-Martin P, Poewe W, Sampaio C, Stern MB, Dodel R (2008) Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson\u2019s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS): Scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Mov Disord 23(15):2129\u20132170","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"9268_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, B\u00e9dirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H (2005) The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(4):695\u2013699","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"15","key":"9268_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","volume":"25","author":"CL Tomlinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tomlinson CL, Stowe R, Patel S, Rick C, Gray R, Clarke CE (2010) Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 25(15):2649\u20132653","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"9268_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2017.2762008","volume":"22","author":"P Zham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zham P, Arjunan S, Raghav S, Kumar DK (2017) Efficacy of guided spiral drawing in the classification of Parkinson\u2019s Disease. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 22(5):1648\u20131652","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"issue":"5","key":"9268_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12189","volume":"129","author":"HCV Pfeiffer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pfeiffer HCV, L\u00f8kkegaard A, Zoetmulder M, Friberg L, Werdelin L (2014) Cognitive impairment in early-stage non-demented Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Acta Neurol Scand 129(5):307\u2013318","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"9268_CR20","first-page":"179","volume":"54","author":"AJ Thomassen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Thomassen AJ, Teulings H-L (1983) Constancy in stationary and progressive handwriting. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 54(1\u20133):179\u2013196","journal-title":"Acta Physiol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"9268_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/212675","volume":"27","author":"H-I Ma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ma H-I, Hwang W-J, Chang S-H, Wang T-Y (2013) Progressive micrographia shown in horizontal, but not vertical, writing in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Behav Neurol 27(2):169\u2013174","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"19","key":"9268_CR22","first-page":"343","volume":"107","author":"J-B Prel du","year":"2010","unstructured":"du Prel J-B, R\u00f6hrig B, Hommel G, Blettner M (2010) Choosing statistical tests: part 12 of a series on evaluation of scientific publications. Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int 107(19):343","journal-title":"Dtsch \u00c4rztebl Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"9268_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024338","volume":"141","author":"CO Fritz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fritz CO, Morris PE, Richler JJ (2012) Effect size estimates: current use, calculations, and interpretation. J Exp Psychol Gen 141(1):2","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"9268_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae). American Psychiatric Association, Arlington"},{"issue":"3","key":"9268_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/02687039808249446","volume":"12","author":"FM Lewis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lewis FM, Lapointe LL, Murdoch BE, Chenery HJ (1998) Language impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Aphasiology 12(3):193\u2013206","journal-title":"Aphasiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9268_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2017.2762008","volume":"22","author":"P Zham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zham P, Arjunan S, Raghav S, Kumar DK (2017) Efficacy of guided spiral drawing in the classification of Parkinson\u2019s Disease. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 22(5):1648\u20131652","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"issue":"9","key":"9268_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6996-x","volume":"260","author":"S Rosenblum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenblum S, Samuel M, Zlotnik S, Erikh I, Schlesinger I (2013) Handwriting as an objective tool for Parkinson\u2019s disease diagnosis. J Neurol 260(9):2357\u20132361","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"9268_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.5.514","volume":"32","author":"C Marsden","year":"1982","unstructured":"Marsden C (1982) The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia: the Robert Wartenberg Lecture. Neurology 32(5):514\u2013539","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9268_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.9.1.65","volume":"9","author":"RS Schwab","year":"1959","unstructured":"Schwab RS, England AC, Peterson E (1959) Akinesia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 9(1):65\u201365","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"9268_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2915","volume":"11","author":"P Redgrave","year":"2010","unstructured":"Redgrave P, Rodriguez M, Smith Y, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Lehericy S, Bergman H, Agid Y, DeLong MR, Obeso JA (2010) Goal-directed and habitual control in the basal ganglia: implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 11(11):760","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"9268_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46541","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046541","volume":"7","author":"A Maillet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maillet A, Krainik A, Deb\u00fb B, Tropr\u00e8s I, Lagrange C, Thobois S, Pollak P, Pinto S (2012) Levodopa effects on hand and speech movements in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a FMRI study. PLoS One 7(10):e46541","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"9268_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1155\/1999\/327643","volume":"11","author":"AK Ho","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ho AK, Iansek R, Marigliani C, Bradshaw JL, Gates S (1999) Speech impairment in a large sample of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Behav Neurol 11(3):131\u2013137","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9268_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23680","volume":"26","author":"J Rusz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rusz J, \u010cmejla R, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dkov\u00e1 H, Klemp\u00ed\u0159 J, Majerov\u00e1 V, Picmausov\u00e1 J, Roth J, R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka E (2011) Acoustic assessment of voice and speech disorders in Parkinson\u2019s disease through quick vocal test. Mov Disord 26(10):1951\u20131952","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"9268_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2004.09.001","volume":"38","author":"M Letter De","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Letter M, Santens P, Van Borsel J (2005) The effects of levodopa on word intelligibility in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Commun Disord 38(3):187\u2013196","journal-title":"J Commun Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"9268_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.04.009","volume":"20","author":"L Ricciardi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ricciardi L, Bloem BR, Snijders AH, Daniele A, Quaranta D, Bentivoglio AR, Fasano A (2014) Freezing of gait in Parkinson\u2019s disease: the paradoxical interplay between gait and cognition. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20(8):824\u2013829","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09268-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09268-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09268-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,14]],"date-time":"2020-03-14T00:09:20Z","timestamp":1584144560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09268-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09268-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}]}}