{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T16:15:31Z","timestamp":1771258531812,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09430-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T14:08:38Z","timestamp":1560866918000},"page":"2457-2464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Diplopia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: visual illusion or oculomotor impairment?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"266","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9195-2346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Femke","family":"Visser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemarie M. M.","family":"Vlaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlijn D. J. M.","family":"Borm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Apostolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y. X.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene C.","family":"Notting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henk W.","family":"Berendse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"9430_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.12.009","volume":"20","author":"P Urwyler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Urwyler P, Nef T, Killen A, Collerton D, Thomas A, Burn D, McKeith I, Mosimann UP (2014) Visual complaints and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 20:318\u2013322","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21586","volume":"22","author":"P Martinez-Martin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martinez-Martin P, Schapira AH, Stocchi F, Sethi K, Odin P, MacPhee G, Brown RG, Naidu Y, Clayton L, Abe K, Tsuboi Y, MacMahon D, Barone P, Rabey M, Bonuccelli U, Forbes A, Breen K, Tluk S, Olanow CW, Thomas S, Rye D, Hand A, Williams AJ, Ondo W, Chaudhuri KR (2007) Prevalence of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease in an international setting; study using nonmotor symptoms questionnaire in 545 patients. Mov Disord 22:1623\u20131629","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23891","volume":"26","author":"NK Archibald","year":"2011","unstructured":"Archibald NK, Clarke MP, Mosimann UP, Burn DJ (2011) Visual symptoms in Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia. Mov Disord 26:2387\u20132395","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.09.024","volume":"45","author":"KA Schindlbeck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schindlbeck KA, Schonfeld S, Naumann W, Friedrich DJ, Maier A, Rewitzer C, Klostermann F, Marzinzik F, Ekker MS, Janssen S, Seppi K, Poewe W, de Vries NM, Theelen T, Nonnekes J, Bloem BR (2017) Characterization of diplopia in non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 45:1\u20136","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.02.014","volume":"40","author":"MS Ekker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ekker MS, Janssen S, Seppi K, Poewe W, de Vries NM, Theelen T, Nonnekes J, Bloem BR (2017) Ocular and visual disorders in Parkinson's disease: common but frequently overlooked. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 40:1\u201310","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21298","volume":"22","author":"A Nebe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nebe A, Ebersbach G (2007) Selective diplopia in Parkinson's disease: a special subtype of visual hallucination? Mov Disord 22:1175\u20131178","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20308","volume":"20","author":"NJ Diederich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Diederich NJ, Goetz CG, Stebbins GT (2005) Repeated visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease as disturbed external\/internal perceptions: focused review and a new integrative model. Mov Disord 20:130\u2013140","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.3.181","volume":"55","author":"AJ Hughes","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hughes AJ, Daniel SE, Kilford L, Lees AJ (1992) Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: a clinico-pathological study of 100 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55:181\u2013184","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"9430_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21198","volume":"22","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Fahn S, Martinez-Martin P, Poewe W, Sampaio C, Stebbins GT, Stern MB, Tilley BC, Dodel R, Dubois B, Holloway R, Jankovic J, Kulisevsky J, Lang AE, Lees A, Leurgans S, LeWitt PA, Nyenhuis D, Olanow CW, Rascol O, Schrag A, Teresi JA, Van Hilten JJ, LaPelle N (2007) Movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (MDS-UPDRS): process, format, and clinimetric testing plan. Mov Disord 22:41\u201347","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","volume":"25","author":"CL Tomlinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tomlinson CL, Stowe R, Patel S, Rick C, Gray R, Clarke CE (2010) Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 25:2649\u20132653","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H (2005) The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 53:695\u2013699","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"9430_CR12","volume-title":"Diagnosis and management of ocular motility disorders","author":"AM Ansons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ansons AM, Davis H (2014) Diagnosis and management of ocular motility disorders, 4th edn. Wiley, West Sussex","edition":"4"},{"key":"9430_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199001000-00010","volume":"1","author":"KJ Rothman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rothman KJ (1990) No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology 1:43\u201346","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"9430_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww175","volume":"139","author":"RS Weil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weil RS, Schrag AE, Warren JD, Crutch SJ, Lees AJ, Morris HR (2016) Visual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Brain 139:2827\u20132843","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"9430_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.01.021","volume":"124","author":"Y Terao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Terao Y, Fukuda H, Ugawa Y, Hikosaka O (2013) New perspectives on the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease as assessed by saccade performance: a clinical review. Clin Neurophysiol 124:1491\u20131506","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"9430_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07692.x","volume":"33","author":"KE Cullen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cullen KE, Van Horn MR (2011) The neural control of fast vs. slow vergence eye movements. Eur J Neurosci 33:2147\u20132154","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"9430_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7274","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2268-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"MR Van Horn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Horn MR, Waitzman DM, Cullen KE (2013) Vergence neurons identified in the rostral superior colliculus code smooth eye movements in 3D space. J Neurosci 33:7274\u20137284","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9430_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.06.040","volume":"119","author":"Z Almer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Almer Z, Klein KS, Marsh L, Gerstenhaber M, Repka MX (2012) Ocular motor and sensory function in Parkinson's disease. Ophthalmol 119:178\u2013182","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"464\u2013469","key":"9430_CR19","first-page":"e461","volume":"157","author":"SD Chung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chung SD, Ho JD, Hu CC, Lin HC, Sheu JJ (2014) Increased risk of Parkinson disease following a diagnosis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Ophthalmol 157(464\u2013469):e461","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9430_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.890861","volume":"20","author":"B Nowacka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nowacka B, Lubinski W, Honczarenko K, Potemkowski A, Safranow K (2014) Ophthalmological features of Parkinson disease. Med Sci Monit 20:2243\u20132249","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"9430_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7274","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27392","volume":"33","author":"I Ortuno-Lizaran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ortuno-Lizaran I, Beach TG, Serrano GE, Walker DG, Adler CH, Cuenca N, Van Horn MR, Waitzman DM, Cullen KE (2018) Phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in the retina is a biomarker of Parkinson's disease pathology severity. Mov Disord 33:7274\u20137284","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.04.027","volume":"571","author":"TG Beach","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beach TG, Carew J, Serrano G, Adler CH, Shill HA, Sue LI, Sabbagh MN, Akiyama H, Cuenca N (2014) Phosphorylated alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive retinal neuronal elements in Parkinson's disease subjects. Neurosci Lett 571:34\u201338","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"9430_CR23","first-page":"2473","volume":"31","author":"C Harnois","year":"1990","unstructured":"Harnois C, Di Paolo T (1990) Decreased dopamine in the retinas of patients with Parkinson's disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:2473\u20132475","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"9430_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2012.07.012","volume":"19","author":"I Bodis-Wollner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bodis-Wollner I (2013) Foveal vision is impaired in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 19:1\u201314","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26557","volume":"31","author":"A Klettner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Klettner A, Richert E, Kuhlenbaumer G, Nolle B, Bhatia KP, Deuschl G, Roider J, Schneider SA (2016) Alpha synuclein and crystallin expression in human lens in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 31:600\u2013601","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.200","volume":"13","author":"DH Ffytche","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ffytche DH, Creese B, Politis M, Chaudhuri KR, Weintraub D, Ballard C, Aarsland D (2017) The psychosis spectrum in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 13:81\u201395","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"9430_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25543","volume":"29","author":"JY Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee JY, Kim JM, Ahn J, Kim HJ, Jeon BS, Kim TW (2014) Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 29:61\u201367","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20263","volume":"20","author":"AD de Maindreville","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Maindreville AD, Fenelon G, Mahieux F (2005) Hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: a follow-up study. Mov Disord 20:212\u2013217","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9430_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000502","volume":"29","author":"LH Trieu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trieu LH, Lavrich JB (2018) Current concepts in convergence insufficiency. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 29:401\u2013406","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9430_CR30","first-page":"CD003169","volume":"12","author":"SR de Silva","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Silva SR, Evans JR, Kirthi V, Ziaei M, Leyland M (2016) Multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after cataract extraction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12:CD003169","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"9430_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.05.023","volume":"111","author":"MD Nijkamp","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nijkamp MD, Dolders MG, de Brabander J, van den Borne B, Hendrikse F, Nuijts RM (2004) Effectiveness of multifocal intraocular lenses to correct presbyopia after cataract surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Ophthalmol 111:1832\u20131839","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"key":"9430_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/09273970601026185","volume":"14","author":"S Aziz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aziz S, Cleary M, Stewart HK, Weir CR (2006) Are orthoptic exercises an effective treatment for convergence and fusion deficiencies? Strabismus 14:183\u2013189","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"9430_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-0768","volume":"160","author":"S Pershing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pershing S, Enns EA, Matesic B, Owens DK, Goldhaber-Fiebert JD (2014) Cost-effectiveness of treatment of diabetic macular edema. Ann Intern Med 160:18\u201329","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"9430_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000330","volume":"35","author":"G Ripandelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ripandelli G, Scarinci F, Piaggi P, Guidi G, Pileri M, Cupo G, Sartini MS, Parisi V, Baldanzellu S, Giusti C, Nardi M, Stirpe M, Lazzeri S (2015) Macular pucker: to peel or not to peel the internal limiting membrane? A microperimetric response. Retina 35:498\u2013507","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"9430_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70285-4","volume":"5","author":"E Tolosa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tolosa E, Wenning G, Poewe W (2006) The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 5:75\u201386","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09430-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09430-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09430-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T23:13:28Z","timestamp":1592349208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09430-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["9430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09430-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This pilot study followed the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki Principles. The study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Amsterdam UMC, location VU University Medical Centre in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and all participants gave written informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}