{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T14:58:10Z","timestamp":1780757890644,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09490-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T14:02:27Z","timestamp":1564668147000},"page":"2786-2795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Optimizing 3D FLAIR to detect MS lesions: pushing past factory settings for precise results"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"266","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7869-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augustin","family":"Lecler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bouzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Deschamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Maizeroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Sadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gueguen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Gout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Savatovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"9490_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70230-2","volume":"11","author":"JJG Geurts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Geurts JJG, Calabrese M, Fisher E, Rudick RA (2012) Measurement and clinical effect of grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 11:1082\u20131092. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70230-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"9490_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4161\/pri.23499","volume":"7","author":"R Klaver","year":"2013","unstructured":"Klaver R, De Vries HE, Schenk GJ, Geurts JJG (2013) Grey matter damage in multiple sclerosis: a pathology perspective. Prion 7:66\u201375. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4161\/pri.23499","journal-title":"Prion"},{"key":"9490_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609694","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/609694","volume":"2014","author":"S Messina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Messina S, Patti F (2014) Gray matters in multiple sclerosis: cognitive impairment and structural MRI. Mult Scler Int 2014:609694. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/609694","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"9490_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000250267.85698.7a","volume":"68","author":"I Pirko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pirko I, Lucchinetti CF, Sriram S, Bakshi R (2007) Gray matter involvement in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 68:634\u2013642. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000250267.85698.7a","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9490_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.143.5.1015","volume":"143","author":"VM Runge","year":"1984","unstructured":"Runge VM, Price AC, Kirshner HS et al (1984) Magnetic resonance imaging of multiple sclerosis: a study of pulse-technique efficacy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 143:1015\u20131026. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.143.5.1015","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"9490_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032","volume":"50","author":"WI McDonald","year":"2001","unstructured":"McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G et al (2001) Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the international panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 50:121\u2013127","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"9490_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","author":"AJ Thompson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F et al (2017) Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"9490_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.11.2059","volume":"120","author":"F Barkhof","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barkhof F, Filippi M, Miller DH et al (1997) Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Brain J Neurol 120(Pt 11):2059\u20132069","journal-title":"Brain J Neurol"},{"key":"9490_CR9","first-page":"702","volume":"21","author":"M Tintor\u00e9","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tintor\u00e9 M, Rovira A, Mart\u00ednez MJ et al (2000) Isolated demyelinating syndromes: comparison of different MR imaging criteria to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:702\u2013706","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9490_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.106","volume":"11","author":"\u00c0 Rovira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rovira \u00c0, Wattjes MP, Tintor\u00e9 M et al (2015) Evidence-based guidelines: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis-clinical implementation in the diagnostic process. Nat Rev Neurol 11:471\u2013482. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.106","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"9490_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4539","volume":"37","author":"A Traboulsee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Traboulsee A, Simon JH, Stone L et al (2016) Revised recommendations of the consortium of MS centers task force for a standardized MRI protocol and clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and follow-up of multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 37:394\u2013401. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A4539","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9490_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185114534413","volume":"56","author":"C Gramsch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gramsch C, Nensa F, Kastrup O et al (2015) Diagnostic value of 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence in multiple sclerosis. Acta Radiol Stockh Swed 1987 56:622\u2013627. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0284185114534413","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Stockh Swed 1987"},{"key":"9490_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.212.3.r99se07793","volume":"212","author":"T Okuda","year":"1999","unstructured":"Okuda T, Korogi Y, Shigematsu Y et al (1999) Brain lesions: when should fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequences be used in MR evaluation? Radiology 212:793\u2013798. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.212.3.r99se07793","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9490_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.179.3.1790777","volume":"179","author":"IL Tan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tan IL, van Schijndel RA, Pouwels PJW et al (2002) Serial isotropic three-dimensional fast FLAIR imaging: using image registration and subtraction to reveal active multiple sclerosis lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 179:777\u2013782. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.179.3.1790777","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"9490_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-005-0107-z","volume":"16","author":"A Bink","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bink A, Schmitt M, Gaa J et al (2006) Detection of lesions in multiple sclerosis by 2D FLAIR and single-slab 3D FLAIR sequences at 3.0 T: initial results. Eur Radiol 16:1104\u20131110. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-005-0107-z","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"9490_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1009-7","volume":"18","author":"B Moraal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moraal B, Roosendaal SD, Pouwels PJW et al (2008) Multi-contrast, isotropic, single-slab 3D MR imaging in multiple sclerosis. Eur Radiol 18:2311\u20132320. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-008-1009-7","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"9490_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.196.2.7617868","volume":"196","author":"RH Hashemi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hashemi RH, Bradley WG, Chen DY et al (1995) Suspected multiple sclerosis: MR imaging with a thin-section fast FLAIR pulse sequence. Radiology 196:505\u2013510. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.196.2.7617868","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9490_CR18","first-page":"1462","volume":"22","author":"G Iannucci","year":"2001","unstructured":"Iannucci G, Rovaris M, Giacomotti L et al (2001) Correlation of multiple sclerosis measures derived from T2-weighted, T1-weighted, magnetization transfer, and diffusion tensor MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:1462\u20131467","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9490_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508094644","volume":"14","author":"F Nelson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nelson F, Poonawalla A, Hou P et al (2008) 3D MPRAGE improves classification of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Houndmills Basingstoke Engl 14:1214\u20131219. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458508094644","journal-title":"Mult Scler Houndmills Basingstoke Engl"},{"key":"9490_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.23289","volume":"68","author":"P Polak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polak P, Magnano C, Zivadinov R, Poloni G (2012) 3D FLAIRED: 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery for enhanced detection of lesions in multiple sclerosis. Magn Reson Med 68:874\u2013881. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrm.23289","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"9490_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2361040450","volume":"236","author":"JJG Geurts","year":"2005","unstructured":"Geurts JJG, Pouwels PJW, Uitdehaag BMJ et al (2005) Intracortical lesions in multiple sclerosis: improved detection with 3D double inversion-recovery MR imaging. Radiology 236:254\u2013260. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2361040450","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9490_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/197140091302600201","volume":"26","author":"G Vural","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vural G, Kekliko\u011flu HD, Temel \u015e et al (2013) Comparison of double inversion recovery and conventional magnetic resonance brain imaging in patients with multiple sclerosis and relations with disease disability. Neuroradiol J 26:133\u2013142. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/197140091302600201","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"9490_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0594","volume":"28","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Lutterbey GG, Gieseke J et al (2007) Double inversion recovery brain imaging at 3T: diagnostic value in the detection of multiple sclerosis lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28:54\u201359","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9490_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127805","volume":"10","author":"A Favaretto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Favaretto A, Poggiali D, Lazzarotto A et al (2015) The parallel analysis of phase sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) and double inversion recovery (DIR) images significantly improves the detection of cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) since clinical onset. PLoS ONE 10:e0127805. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127805","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9490_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0645","volume":"28","author":"F Nelson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nelson F, Poonawalla AH, Hou P et al (2007) Improved identification of intracortical lesions in multiple sclerosis with phase-sensitive inversion recovery in combination with fast double inversion recovery MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28:1645\u20131649. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A0645","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9490_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6107","author":"A Lecler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lecler A, El Sanharawi I, El Methni J et al (2019) Improving detection of multiple sclerosis lesions in the posterior fossa using an optimized 3D-FLAIR sequence at 3T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A6107","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9490_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015151516","volume":"277","author":"PM Bossuyt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bossuyt PM, Reitsma JB, Bruns DE et al (2015) STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. Radiology 277:826\u2013832. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2015151516","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9490_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3618730","volume":"38","author":"FL Goerner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goerner FL, Clarke GD (2011) Measuring signal-to-noise ratio in partially parallel imaging MRI. Med Phys 38:5049\u20135057. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.3618730","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"9490_CR29","unstructured":"R Core Team (2019) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2019. \n                    https:\/\/www.R-project.org\n                    \n                   Accessed 11 Mar 2019"},{"key":"9490_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2272012051","volume":"227","author":"J Eng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eng J (2003) Sample size estimation: how many individuals should be studied? Radiology 227:309\u2013313. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2272012051","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9490_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515615226","volume":"22","author":"MI Gait\u00e1n","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gait\u00e1n MI, Ya\u00f1es P, Sati P et al (2016) Optimal detection of infratentorial lesions with a combined dual-echo MRI sequence: \u201cPT2\u201d. Mult Scler Houndmills Basingstoke Engl 22:1367\u20131370. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458515615226","journal-title":"Mult Scler Houndmills Basingstoke Engl"},{"key":"9490_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4514","volume":"37","author":"V Wiggermann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wiggermann V, Hern\u00e1ndez-Torres E, Traboulsee A et al (2016) FLAIR2: a combination of FLAIR and T2 for improved MS lesion detection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 37:259\u2013265. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A4514","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9490_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.09090814","volume":"255","author":"B Moraal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moraal B, Wattjes MP, Geurts JJG et al (2010) Improved detection of active multiple sclerosis lesions: 3D subtraction imaging. Radiology 255:154\u2013163. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.09090814","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9490_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340612","volume":"34","author":"JN Rydberg","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rydberg JN, Riederer SJ, Rydberg CH, Jack CR (1995) Contrast optimization of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. Magn Reson Med 34:868\u2013877","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"9490_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7724-5","volume":"262","author":"P Kolber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kolber P, Montag S, Fleischer V et al (2015) Identification of cortical lesions using DIR and FLAIR in early stages of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 262:1473\u20131482. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-015-7724-5","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"9490_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00393-2","volume":"15","author":"M Filippi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Filippi M, Rocca MA, Ciccarelli O et al (2016) MRI criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: MAGNIMS consensus guidelines. Lancet Neurol 15:292\u2013303. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00393-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"9490_CR37","first-page":"1794","volume":"27","author":"MP Wattjes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wattjes MP, Harzheim M, Kuhl CK et al (2006) Does high-field MR imaging have an influence on the classification of patients with clinically isolated syndromes according to current diagnostic mr imaging criteria for multiple sclerosis? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27:1794\u20131798","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"21\u201327","key":"9490_CR38","first-page":"2","volume":"259","author":"C Tur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tur C, Thompson AJ (2015) Early accurate diagnosis crucial in multiple sclerosis. Practitioner 259(21\u201327):2\u20133","journal-title":"Practitioner"},{"key":"9490_CR39","first-page":"s321","volume":"19","author":"K Noyes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Noyes K, Weinstock-Guttman B (2013) Impact of diagnosis and early treatment on the course of multiple sclerosis. Am J Manag Care 19:s321\u2013331","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"9490_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.07.006","volume":"303","author":"CEP van Munster","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Munster CEP, Jonkman LE, Weinstein HC et al (2015) Gray matter damage in multiple sclerosis: impact on clinical symptoms. Neuroscience 303:446\u2013461. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.07.006","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"9490_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1241","volume":"72","author":"DM Harrison","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harrison DM, Roy S, Oh J et al (2015) Association of cortical lesion burden on 7-T magnetic resonance imaging with cognition and disability in multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol 72:1004\u20131012. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1241","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"9490_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2340","volume":"32","author":"A Mike","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mike A, Glanz BI, Hildenbrand P et al (2011) Identification and clinical impact of multiple sclerosis cortical lesions as assessed by routine 3T MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 32:515\u2013521. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A2340","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09490-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09490-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09490-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,30]],"date-time":"2020-07-30T23:51:50Z","timestamp":1596153110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09490-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["9490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09490-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"No conflicting relationship exists for any author.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study has been approved by an institutional research ethics board.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}