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Exercise was superior to treatment as usual in improving QoL (\n k<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200964,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20094334, ES\u2009=\u20090.40,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001), depressive symptoms (\n k<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200960,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20092909, ES\u2009=\u20090.78,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001), the cognitive domains attention and working memory (\n k<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200921,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091313, ES\u2009=\u20090.24,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.009), executive functioning (\n k<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200914,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009977, ES\u2009=\u20090.15,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.013), memory (\n k<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200912,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009994, ES\u2009=\u20090.12,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.038) and psychomotor speed (\n k<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200916,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009896, ES\u2009=\u20090.23,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.003). Meta-regression showed a dose\u2013response effect for exercise time (min\/week) on depressive symptoms (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.007,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.012). 69% of the studies that reported on safety, found no complications. Exercise is an efficacious and safe add-on therapeutic intervention showing a medium-sized effect on QoL and a large effect on mood in patients with chronic brain disorders, with a positive dose\u2013response correlation. Exercise also improved several cognitive domains with small but significant effects.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09493-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,14]],"date-time":"2019-08-14T17:30:50Z","timestamp":1565803850000},"page":"1222-1246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":204,"title":["Physical exercise improves quality of life, depressive symptoms, and cognition across chronic brain disorders: a transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"268","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2646-8096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Dauwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke J. 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