{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:12:41Z","timestamp":1789474361977,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20110383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20110383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20140592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20140592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-05616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-05616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-04949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-04949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major cause of stroke and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanisms behind SVD are still poorly understood. High cerebral arterial pulsatility has been suggested as a possible cause of SVD. In population studies, arterial pulsatility has been linked to white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral atrophy, and cognitive impairment, all features of SVD. In stroke, pulsatility data are scarce and contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between arterial pulsatility and SVD in stroke patients. With a cross-sectional design, 89 patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA were examined with MRI. A neuropsychological assessment was performed 1 year later. Using 4D flow MRI, pulsatile indices (PI) were calculated for the internal carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (M1, M3). Flow volume pulsatility (FVP), a measure corresponding to the cyclic expansion of the arterial tree, was calculated for the same locations. These parameters were assessed for associations with WMH volume, brain volume and cognitive function. ICA-FVP was associated with WMH volume (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.67, 95% CI: [0.1, 3.24], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037). M1-PI and M1-FVP were associated with decreasing cognitive function (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20094.4, 95% CI: [\u2212\u20097.7, \u2212\u20091.1], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009 and <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u200913.15, 95% CI: [\u2212\u200924.26, \u2212\u20092.04], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02 respectively). In summary, this supports an association between arterial pulsatility and SVD in stroke patients, and provides a potential target for further research and preventative treatment. FVP may become a useful biomarker for assessing pulsatile stress with PCMRI and 4D flow MRI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09620-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T21:01:37Z","timestamp":1573765297000},"page":"721-730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Cerebral arterial pulsatility is associated with features of small vessel disease in patients with acute stroke and TIA: a 4D flow MRI study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"267","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6331-4283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Birnefeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"W\u00e5hlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Eklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6451-1940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Malm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"9620_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829bfde3","volume":"81","author":"C-F Tsai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsai C-F, Thomas B, Sudlow CLM (2013) Epidemiology of stroke and its subtypes in Chinese vs white populations. Neurology 81(5):(5):264\u2013272\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31829bfde3","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9620_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2813","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000147034.25760.3d","volume":"35","author":"W Wei","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wei W, Sachdev PS (2004) Extent and distribution of white matter hyperintensities in stroke patients. Stroke 35:2813\u20132819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000147034.25760.3d","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"9620_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww259","volume":"140","author":"W-S Ryu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ryu W-S, Woo S-H, Schellingerhout D et al (2017) Stroke outcomes are worse with larger leukoaraiosis volumes. Brain 140:158\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/aww259","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"9620_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016676612","volume":"12","author":"L Sivakumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sivakumar L, Riaz P, Kate M et al (2017) White matter hyperintensity volume predicts persistent cognitive impairment in transient ischemic attack and minor stroke. Int J Stroke 12:264\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1747493016676612","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"9620_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","volume":"12","author":"JM Wardlaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ et al (2013) Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol 12:822\u2013838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70124-8","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"9620_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90549.2008","volume":"105","author":"GF Mitchell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mitchell GF (2018) The Synthesis of Arctic Research (SOAR) project. Deep Sea Res Pt II 152:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsr2.2018.05.013","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"9620_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.12.050","volume":"50","author":"MF O\u2019Rourke","year":"2007","unstructured":"O\u2019Rourke MF, Hashimoto J (2007) Mechanical factors in arterial aging: a clinical perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol 50(4):357\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bioinformatics\/12.4.357","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"9620_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00877747","volume":"9","author":"GG Belz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Belz GG (1995) Elastic properties and Windkessel function of the human aorta. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 9:73\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00877747","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"9620_CR9","first-page":"447","volume":"67","author":"RG Gosling","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gosling RG, King DH (1974) Arterial assessment by doppler-shift ultrasound. Proc R Soc Med 67:447\u2013449","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"9620_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02735","volume":"63","author":"BS Aribisala","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aribisala BS, Morris Z, Eadie E et al (2014) Blood pressure, internal carotid artery flow parameters, and age-related white matter hyperintensities novelty and significance. Hypertension 63:1011\u20131018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02735","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"9620_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.180","volume":"34","author":"S Purkayastha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Purkayastha S, Fadar O, Mehregan A et al (2014) Impaired cerebrovascular hemodynamics are associated with cerebral white matter damage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 34:228\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.180","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"9620_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr253","volume":"134","author":"GF Mitchell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mitchell GF, van Buchem MA, Sigurdsson S et al","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"9620_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.23527","volume":"35","author":"A W\u00e5hlin","year":"2012","unstructured":"W\u00e5hlin A, Ambarki K, Hauksson J et al (2012) Phase contrast MRI quantification of pulsatile volumes of brain arteries, veins, and cerebrospinal fluids compartments: repeatability and physiological interactions. J Magn Reson Imaging 35:1055\u20131062. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.23527","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"9620_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.655837","volume":"43","author":"AJS Webb","year":"2012","unstructured":"Webb AJS, Simoni M, Mazzucco S et al (2012) Increased cerebral arterial pulsatility in patients with leukoaraiosis. Stroke 43:2631\u20132636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.655837","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"9620_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2011.00649.x","volume":"23","author":"YY Xiong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiong YY, Mok V, Wong A et al (2013) Evaluation of age-related white matter changes using transcranial doppler ultrasonography. J Neuroimaging 23:53\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2011.00649.x","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"9620_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18803956","author":"Y Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi Y, Thrippleton MJ, Blair GW et al (2018) Small vessel disease is associated with altered cerebrovascular pulsatility but not resting cerebral blood flow. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X18803956","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"9620_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12335","volume":"26","author":"M Altmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Altmann M, Thommessen B, R\u00f8nning OM et al (2016) Middle cerebral artery pulsatility index is associated with cognitive impairment in lacunar stroke. J Neuroimaging 26:431\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jon.12335","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"9620_CR18","first-page":"743","volume":"26","author":"T Gu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gu T, Korosec FR, Block WF et al (2005) PC VIPR: a high-speed 3D phase-contrast method for flow quantification and high-resolution angiography. Am J Neuroradiol 26:743\u2013749","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9620_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","volume":"24","author":"HP Adams","year":"1993","unstructured":"Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ et al (1993) Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment. Stroke 24:35\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"9620_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.490896","volume":"38","author":"H Ay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ay H, Benner T, Arsava EM et al (2007) A computerized algorithm for etiologic classification of ischemic stroke. Stroke 38:2979\u20132984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.490896","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"9620_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20617","volume":"58","author":"H Ay","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ay H, Furie KL, Singhal A et al (2005) An evidence-based causative classification system for acute ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol 58:688\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.20617","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"9620_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f612ce","volume":"75","author":"EM Arsava","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arsava EM, Ballabio E, Benner T et al (2010) The causative classification of stroke system: an international reliability and optimization study. Neurology 75:1277\u20131284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f612ce","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9620_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.002","volume":"226","author":"DW Desmond","year":"2004","unstructured":"Desmond DW (2004) The neuropsychology of vascular cognitive impairment: is there a specific cognitive deficit? J Neurol Sci 226:3\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2004.09.002","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"9620_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-11-22","volume":"11","author":"A Behrens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Behrens A, Eklund A, Elgh E et al (2014) A computerized neuropsychological test battery designed for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS 11:22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2045-8118-11-22","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"9620_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.10.JNS18701","volume":"1","author":"A Behrens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Behrens A, Elgh E, Leijon G et al (2019) The computerized general neuropsychological INPH test revealed improvement in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus after shunt surgery. J Neurosurg 1:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.10.JNS18701","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"9620_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3442","volume":"34","author":"A W\u00e5hlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"W\u00e5hlin A, Ambarki K, Birgander R et al (2013) Measuring pulsatile flow in cerebral arteries using 4D phase-contrast MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 34:1740\u20131745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A3442","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9620_CR27","unstructured":"Schmidt P (2017) Bayesian inference for structured additive regression models for large-scale problems with applications to medical imaging. Text. PhDThesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"},{"key":"9620_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351","volume":"149","author":"F Fazekas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fazekas F, Chawluk J, Alavi A et al (1987) MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia and normal aging. Am J Roentgenol 149:351\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"9620_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24900","volume":"42","author":"E Schrauben","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schrauben E, W\u00e5hlin A, Ambarki K et al (2015) Fast 4D flow MRI intracranial segmentation and quantification in tortuous arteries. J Magn Reson Imaging 42:1458\u20131464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.24900","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"9620_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.026","volume":"35","author":"A W\u00e5hlin","year":"2014","unstructured":"W\u00e5hlin A, Ambarki K, Birgander R et al (2014) Intracranial pulsatility is associated with regional brain volume in elderly individuals. Neurobiol Aging 35:365\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.08.026","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"9620_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11737","volume":"54","author":"K Ambarki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ambarki K, Hallberg P, J\u00f3hannesson G et al (2013) Blood flow of ophthalmic artery in healthy individuals determined by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:2738\u20132745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.13-11737","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"9620_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26641","volume":"50","author":"T Dun\u00e5s","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dun\u00e5s T, Holmgren M, W\u00e5hlin A et al (2019) Accuracy of blood flow assessment in cerebral arteries with 4D flow MRI: evaluation with three segmentation methods. J Magn Reson Imaging 50:511\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.26641","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"9620_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00782","author":"TAD Jolly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jolly TAD, Bateman GA, Levi CR et al (2013) Early detection of microstructural white matter changes associated with arterial pulsatility. Front Hum Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00782","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"9620_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16629486","volume":"36","author":"L Zarrinkoob","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zarrinkoob L, Ambarki K, W\u00e5hlin A et al (2016) Aging alters the dampening of pulsatile blood flow in cerebral arteries. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 36:1519\u20131527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678X16629486","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"9620_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017162064","volume":"284","author":"W-J Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee W-J, Jung K-H, Ryu YJ et al (2017) Progression of cerebral white matter hyperintensities and the associated sonographic index. Radiology 284:824\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2017162064","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9620_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.093674","volume":"51","author":"SR Waldstein","year":"2008","unstructured":"Waldstein SR, Rice SC, Thayer JF et al (2008) Pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity are related to cognitive decline in the baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Hypertension 51:99\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.093674","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"9620_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013508","volume":"47","author":"MP Pase","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pase MP, Beiser A, Himali JJ et al (2016) Aortic stiffness and the risk of incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Stroke 47:2256\u20132261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.013508","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"9620_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002368","volume":"86","author":"CW Tsao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsao CW, Himali JJ, Beiser AS et al (2016) Association of arterial stiffness with progression of subclinical brain and cognitive disease. Neurology 86:619\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002368","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9620_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3280895b55","volume":"25","author":"A Scuteri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Scuteri A, Tesauro M, Appolloni S et al (2007) Arterial stiffness as an independent predictor of longitudinal changes in cognitive function in the older individual. J Hypertens 25:1035\u20131040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0b013e3280895b55","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"9620_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.194.2.7824728","volume":"194","author":"DM Moody","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moody DM, Brown WR, Challa VR, Anderson RL (1995) Periventricular venous collagenosis: association with leukoaraiosis. Radiology 194:469\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.194.2.7824728","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9620_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlx009","volume":"76","author":"J Keith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keith J, Gao F, Noor R et al (2017) Collagenosis of the deep medullary veins: an underrecognized pathologic correlate of white matter hyperintensities and periventricular infarction? J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 76:299\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnen\/nlx009","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"9620_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6213","author":"AL Houck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Houck AL, Gutierrez J, Gao F et al (2019) Increased diameters of the internal cerebral veins and the basal veins of rosenthal are associated with white matter hyperintensity volume. Am J Neuroradiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A6213","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"9620_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-015-0512-5","volume":"29","author":"T Dun\u00e5s","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dun\u00e5s T, W\u00e5hlin A, Ambarki K et al (2016) Automatic labeling of cerebral arteries in magnetic resonance angiography. Magn Reson Mater Phys Biol Med 29:39\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10334-015-0512-5","journal-title":"Magn Reson Mater Phys Biol Med"},{"key":"9620_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-016-9320-y","volume":"15","author":"T Dun\u00e5s","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dun\u00e5s T, W\u00e5hlin A, Ambarki K et al (2017) A stereotactic probabilistic atlas for the major cerebral arteries. Neuroinformatics 15:101\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12021-016-9320-y","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09620-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09620-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09620-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:15:13Z","timestamp":1605226513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09620-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9620"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09620-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 August 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ume\u00e5 University ethical review board (diary no. 2012-396-32M and 2011-440-31M) and performed in accordance with the guidelines of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standard"}},{"value":"All patients provided informed written consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}