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This prospective cross-sectional study (NCT02852772) was designed to evaluate whether a history of microalbuminuria is associated with subsequent cognitive decline in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)-treated persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIVs).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>From our computerized medical database, we identified 30 PLHIVs (median age 52\u00a0years), immunovirologically controlled on cART, who had microalbuminuria in 2008 and had undergone, between 2013 and 2015, a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment (NPA) including seven domains (cases): information-processing speed, motor skills, executive functions, attention\/working memory, learning\/memory, reasoning and verbal fluency. Forty-nine PLHIVs matched for age (median age 48\u00a0years; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.19), sex, and year of first HIV-seropositivity without microalbuminuria in 2008 were identified and underwent the same NPA between 2013 and 2015 (controls).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cases performed less well than controls for information-processing speed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) and motor skills (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), but no differences were found for the other cognitive domains and global <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>-scores. A multivariable linear-regression model adjusted for confounding factors confirmed the microalbuminuria effect for the information-processing-speed <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic> score.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>cART-treated PLHIVs with a history of microalbuminuria subsequently had worse cognitive performances for the information-processing-speed domain, possibly because of CSVD. Our observations should be considered preliminary findings of a temporal link between microalbuminuria, CSVD, and subsequent cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09674-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T13:06:00Z","timestamp":1579871160000},"page":"1368-1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Microalbuminuria: a sentinel of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected individuals?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"267","author":[{"name":"The ALCOVE Study Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7566-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Moulignier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Claire","family":"Viret-Vilayphon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier","family":"Lescure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Plaisier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Salomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Lamirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Pialoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"9674_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.10.204","volume":"11","author":"M Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee M, Ovbiagele B (2011) Reno-cerebrovascular disease: linking the nephron and neuron. 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Moulignier: no disclosures. A.-C. Viret-Vilayphon: no disclosures. F.-X. Lescure: no disclosures. E. Plaisier: no disclosures. L. Salomon: no disclosures. C. Lamirel: honoraria from Novartis and Allergan for lectures; from Horus Pharma for consulting or an advisory role; from Allergan for travel, accommodations, and expenses. G. Pialoux: honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Viiv Healthcare, Gilead Sciences for lectures for consulting or an advisory role.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The ALCOVE study was approved by the CPP \u00cele-de-France VI, Groupe Hospitalier Piti\u00e9\u2013Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Ethics Committee, and adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}