{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:12:20Z","timestamp":1787170340077,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578873600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09685-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T09:02:44Z","timestamp":1578906164000},"page":"1197-1205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Questioning the existence of monophasic neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder by defining a novel long-term relapse-free form from a large Chinese population"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"267","author":[{"given":"Weihe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeqiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zunjing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dantao","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5966-2290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinsong","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"9685_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050304","volume":"202","author":"VA Lennon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lennon VA, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, Verkman AS, Hinson SR (2005) IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel. J Exp Med 202:473\u2013477","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"9685_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17551-X","volume":"364","author":"VA Lennon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ et al (2004) A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet 364:2106\u20132112","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9685_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8","volume":"6","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Lucchinetti CF, Pittock SJ, Weinshenker BG (2007) The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica. Lancet Neurol 6:805\u2013815","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"9685_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","volume":"85","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL et al (2015) International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurology 85:177\u2013189","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9685_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.01.001","volume":"17","author":"A Bruscolini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bruscolini A, Sacchetti M, La Cava M et al (2018) Diagnosis and management of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: an update. Autoimmun Rev 17:195\u2013200","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"9685_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1056-x","volume":"18","author":"Y Jiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiao Y, Cui L, Zhang W et al (2018) Dose effects of mycophenolate mofetil in Chinese patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a case series study. BMC Neurol 18:47","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"9685_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-315603","volume":"88","author":"JP Stellmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stellmann JP, Krumbholz M, Friede T et al (2017) Immunotherapies in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: efficacy and predictors of response. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 88:639\u2013647","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"9685_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004611","volume":"89","author":"H Houzen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Houzen H, Kondo K, Niino M et al (2017) Prevalence and clinical features of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in northern Japan. Neurology 89:1995\u20132001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9685_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24554","volume":"79","author":"I Kleiter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kleiter I, Gahlen A, Borisow N et al (2016) Neuromyelitis optica: evaluation of 871 attacks and 1153 treatment courses. Ann Neurol 79:206\u2013216","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"9685_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00062","volume":"8","author":"Y Long","year":"2017","unstructured":"Long Y, Liang J, Wu L et al (2017) Different phenotypes at onset in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients with aquaporin-4 autoimmunity. Front Neurol 8:62","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"9685_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74","volume":"66","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Weinshenker BG (2006) Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 66:1485\u20131489","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9685_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","volume":"33","author":"JF Kurtzke","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kurtzke JF (1983) Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 33:1444\u20131452","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9685_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz054","volume":"142","author":"J Palace","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palace J, Lin DY, Zeng D et al (2019) Outcome prediction models in AQP4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Brain 142:1310\u20131323","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"9685_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318214332c","volume":"76","author":"BF Popescu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Popescu BF, Lennon VA, Parisi JE et al (2011) Neuromyelitis optica unique area postrema lesions: nausea, vomiting, and pathogenic implications. Neurology 76:1229\u20131237","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9685_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.01.004","volume":"291","author":"W Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang W, Jiao Y, Cui L, Jiao J (2016) Differentiation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders from ultra-longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis in a cohort of Chinese patients. J Neuroimmunol 291:96\u2013100","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9685_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1642","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006392","volume":"91","author":"E Shosha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shosha E, Dubey D, Palace J et al (2018) Area postrema syndrome: frequency, criteria, and severity in AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD. Neurology 91:e1642\u2013e1651","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9685_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.9.1401","volume":"61","author":"I Pirko","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pirko I, Blauwet LA, Lesnick TG, Weinshenker BG (2004) The natural history of recurrent optic neuritis. Arch Neurol 61:1401\u20131405","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"9685_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512461968","volume":"19","author":"M Sepulveda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sepulveda M, Blanco Y, Rovira A et al (2013) Analysis of prognostic factors associated with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Mult Scler 19:742\u2013748","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"9685_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20770","volume":"59","author":"BG Weinshenker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weinshenker BG, Wingerchuk DM, Vukusic S et al (2006) Neuromyelitis optica IgG predicts relapse after longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Ann Neurol 59:566\u2013569","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"9685_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e181","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007746","volume":"93","author":"DI Jonsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jonsson DI, Sveinsson O, Hakim R, Brundin L (2019) Epidemiology of NMOSD in Sweden from 1987 to 2013: a nationwide population-based study. Neurology 93:e181\u2013e189","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9685_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn240","volume":"131","author":"S Jarius","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jarius S, Aboul-Enein F, Waters P et al (2008) Antibody to aquaporin-4 in the long-term course of neuromyelitis optica. Brain 131:3072\u20133080","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"9685_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511412995","volume":"17","author":"IA Ketelslegers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ketelslegers IA, Modderman PW, Vennegoor A, Killestein J, Hamann D, Hintzen RQ (2011) Antibodies against aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica: distinction between recurrent and monophasic patients. Mult Scler 17:1527\u20131530","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"9685_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-14","volume":"9","author":"S Jarius","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jarius S, Ruprecht K, Wildemann B et al (2012) Contrasting disease patterns in seropositive and seronegative neuromyelitis optica: a multicentre study of 175 patients. J Neuroinflamm 9:14","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"9685_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-320493","volume":"90","author":"A Petzold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Petzold A, Woodhall M, Khaleeli Z et al (2019) Aquaporin-4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in immune-mediated optic neuritis at long-term follow-up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 90:1021\u20131026","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09685-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09685-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09685-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T16:08:51Z","timestamp":1610467731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09685-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["9685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09685-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no potential competing interests among the authors and\/or other organizations. The authors declare no financial or other conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, and the need for informed consent was waived by the committee because of the study\u2019s retrospective nature.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}