{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:13:16Z","timestamp":1789751596563,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Huntington-Stiftung of the Deutsche Huntington Hilfe e.V"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Impaired gait plays an important role for quality of life in patients with Huntington\u2019s disease (HD). Measuring objective gait parameters in HD might provide an unbiased assessment of motor deficits in order to determine potential beneficial effects of future treatments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To objectively identify characteristic features of gait in HD patients using sensor-based gait analysis. Particularly, gait parameters were correlated to the Unified Huntington\u2019s Disease Rating Scale, total motor score (TMS), and total functional capacity (TFC).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients with manifest HD at two German sites (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200943) were included and clinically assessed during their annual ENROLL-HD visit. In addition, patients with HD and a cohort of age- and gender-matched controls performed a defined gait test (4\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u00a0m walk). Gait patterns were recorded by inertial sensors attached to both shoes. Machine learning algorithms were applied to calculate spatio-temporal gait parameters and gait variability expressed as coefficient of variance (CV).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Stride length (\u2212\u200915%) and gait velocity (\u2212\u200919%) were reduced, while stride (+\u20097%) and stance time (+\u20092%) were increased in patients with HD. However, parameters reflecting gait variability were substantially altered in HD patients (+\u200917% stride length CV up to\u2009+\u200941% stride time CV with largest effect size) and showed strong correlations to TMS and TFC (0.416\u2009\u2264\u2009<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Sp<\/jats:sub>\u2009\u2264\u20090.690). Objective gait variability parameters correlated with disease stage based upon TFC.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sensor-based gait variability parameters were identified as clinically most relevant digital biomarker for gait impairment in HD. Altered gait variability represents characteristic irregularity of gait in HD and reflects disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09725-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T20:15:47Z","timestamp":1581452147000},"page":"1594-1601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Gait variability as digital biomarker of disease severity in Huntington\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"267","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2037-9460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heiko","family":"Ga\u00dfner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Marxreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Kletsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bohlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Muratori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bjoern","family":"Eskofier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Klucken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Reilmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zacharias","family":"Kohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9557","key":"9725_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60111-1","volume":"369","author":"FO Walker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walker FO (2007) Huntington\u2019s disease. 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The name of one author is not presented correctly in the author group.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"DJ, AK, SB, LM, and RR declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study has been approved by the local ethics committees in Erlangen, Germany and M\u00fcnster, Germany and has, therefore, been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}},{"value":"The study was supported and performed at the Department of Molecular Neurology (University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany), and the George-Huntington Institute (GHI) GmbH, M\u00fcnster, Germany.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclosure"}}]}}