{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T20:51:52Z","timestamp":1771102312827,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591142400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-09950-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T15:29:09Z","timestamp":1591198149000},"page":"2007-2012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["A review of pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"268","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9038-4815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhu","family":"Jasti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Nalleballe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasuki","family":"Dandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjeeva","family":"Onteddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"9950_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report-96."},{"issue":"8","key":"9950_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","volume":"382","author":"N Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W et al (2020) China novel coronavirus investigating and research team a novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China. N Engl J Med. 382(8):727\u2013733","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"7798","key":"9950_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","volume":"579","author":"P Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG et al (2020) A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579(7798):270\u2013273","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9950_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Ma Y, Zuo W (2020) Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2, the putative receptor of Wuhan 2019-nCov. bioRxiv 10:12","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.01.26.919985"},{"key":"9950_CR5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Published November 2019."},{"key":"9950_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Wit, van Doremalen, Falzarano, Munster (2016) SARS and MERS: Recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol. 14:523","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.81"},{"issue":"4","key":"9950_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061088","volume":"170","author":"Gu Jiang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jiang Gu, Korteweg C (2007) Pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Pathol 170(4):1136\u20131147","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9950_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0118-9","volume":"17","author":"J Cui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL (2019) Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 17(3):181\u2013192","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"9950_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y et al (2020) China medical treatment expert group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 382:1708\u20131720","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2005203"},{"issue":"4","key":"9950_CR10","first-page":"e7782","volume":"12","author":"S Siddamreddy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siddamreddy S, Thotakura R, Dandu V, Disease CV et al (2019) (COVID-19) Presenting as acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Cureus 12(4):e7782","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"9950_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao L, Jin H, Wang M et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. Published online April 10, 2020.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127"},{"key":"9950_CR12","unstructured":"Shima T. Moein et al. Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID\u201019. alr.22587"},{"issue":"7","key":"9950_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122","volume":"11","author":"AM Baig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H (2020) Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 11(7):995\u2013998","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"9950_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-020-0074-x","volume":"12","author":"H Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J et al (2020) High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci 12(1):8","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"9950_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yan\u2010Chao L, Wan\u2010Zhu B, Hashikawa T (2020) The neuroinvasive potential of SARS\u2010CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID\u201019 patients. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25728","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25728"},{"key":"9950_CR16","unstructured":"National Health Commission of the People\u2032s Republic of China. Diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia. Published 2020."},{"key":"9950_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pilotto A et al (2020) Steroid-responsive Encephalitis in Covid-19 Disease. Ann Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25783.\/jmv.25728","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25783.\/jmv.25728"},{"issue":"2","key":"9950_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570","volume":"203","author":"I Hamming","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis ML, Lely AT, Navis G, van Goor H (2004) Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus: a first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol. 203(2):631\u2013637","journal-title":"J Pathol."},{"issue":"10","key":"9950_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0519-8","volume":"251","author":"T Umapathi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Umapathi T, Kor AC, Venketasubramanian N et al (2004) Large artery ischaemic stroke in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). J Neurol 251(10):1227\u20131231","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"9950_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T (2020) The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25728","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25728"},{"key":"9950_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao H et al (2020) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: causality or coincidence? Lancet Neurology published Apr 1, 2020","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30109-5"},{"key":"9950_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gianpaolo Toscano et al (2020) Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2. NEJM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2009191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009191"},{"key":"9950_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Consuelo Gutierrez et al (2020) Miller Fisher syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19. Neurology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009619","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009619"},{"key":"9950_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosking MP, Lane TE (2010) The role of chemokines during viral infection of the CNS. PLoS Pathog 6(7):e1000937","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000937"},{"key":"9950_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.445","volume":"15","author":"D Fairweather","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fairweather D, Frisancho-Kiss S, Rose NR (2005) Viruses as adjuvants for autoimmunity: evidence from Coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis. Rev Med Virol 15:17\u201327","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"9950_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Poyiadji N et al (2020) COVID-19\u2013associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features. Images Radiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2020201187","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201187"},{"issue":"1","key":"9950_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2007.12.007","volume":"18","author":"A Rossi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rossi A (2020) Imaging of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Neuroimaging Clin 18(1):149\u2013161","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin"},{"key":"9950_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M et al (2020) COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet  395(10229):1033\u20131034","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0"},{"key":"9950_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61048-X","volume":"383","author":"M Ramos-Casals","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramos-Casals M et al (2014) Adult haemophagocytic syndrome. Lancet 383:1503\u20131516","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9950_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang C et al (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan. China Lancet 395:497\u2013506","journal-title":"China Lancet"},{"key":"9950_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruan Q et al. (2020) Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med 46(5):846\u2013848","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05991-x"},{"key":"9950_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oxley TJ, MD, et al (2020) Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid-19 in the young. N Engl J Med 382:e60","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009787"},{"key":"9950_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Akshay Avula et al (2020) COVID-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.077"},{"key":"9950_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60701-1","volume":"381","author":"M Honigsbaum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Honigsbaum M (2013) The art of medicine: \u201can inexpressible dread\u201d: psychoses of influenza at fin-de-si\u00e8cle. Lancet 381:988\u2013989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9950_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2538","volume":"350","author":"JIF Salluh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salluh JIF, Wang H, Schneider EB, Nagaraja N, Yenokyan G, Damluji A, Serafim RB, Stevens RD (2015) Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 350:1\u201310","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9950_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037973","volume":"56","author":"PJ Gardner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gardner PJ, Moallef P (2015) Psychological impact on SARS sur- vivors: critical review of the English language literature. Can Psychol\/Psychol Canadienne 56:123","journal-title":"Can Psychol\/Psychol Canadienne"},{"key":"9950_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1002.030750","volume":"10","author":"B Person","year":"2004","unstructured":"Person B, Sy F, Holton K, Govert B, Liang A (2004) Fear and stigma: the epidemic within the SARS outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis 10:35","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"9950_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, Ng CH (2020) Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel corona virus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30046-8"},{"key":"9950_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Troyer EA, Kohn JN, Hong S (2020) Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms. Brain Behav. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.027"},{"key":"9950_CR40","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"ES Wohleb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wohleb ES, McKim DB, Sheridan JF, Godbout JP (2015) Monocyte trafficking to the brain with stress and inflammation: a novel axis of immune-to-brain communication that influences mood and behavior. Front Neurosci 9:1\u201317","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"9950_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00039.2016","volume":"98","author":"R Dantzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dantzer R (2018) Neuroimmune interactions: From the brain to the immune system and vice versa. Physiol Rev 98:477\u2013504","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"9950_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.153926","volume":"7","author":"MF Fadila","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fadila MF, Wool KJ (2015) Rhabdomyolysis secondary to influenza a infection: a case report and review of the literature. N Am J Med Sci 7:122\u2013124","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"9950_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Y, Xu X, Chen Z, et al. (2020) Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Brain Behav Immun","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.031"},{"issue":"14","key":"9950_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6913","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00458-11","volume":"85","author":"JE Libbey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Libbey JE, Kennett NJ, Wilcox KS, White HS, Fujinami RS (2011) Interleukin-6, produced by resident cells of the central nervous system and infiltrating cells, contributes to the development of seizures following viral infection. J Virol 85(14):6913\u20136922","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9950_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1920-8","volume":"469","author":"AK Reinhold","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reinhold AK, Rittner HL (2017) Barrier function in the peripheral and central nervous system-a review. Pflugers Arch 469(1):123\u2013134","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"issue":"8","key":"9950_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000218","volume":"74","author":"C Wuthrich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wuthrich C, Batson S, Koralnik IJ (2015) Lack of major histocompatibility complex class I upregulation and restrictive infection by JC virus hamper detection of neurons by T lymphocytes in the central nervous system. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 74(8):791\u2013803","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-020-09950-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-020-09950-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-020-09950-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T14:07:13Z","timestamp":1622902033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-020-09950-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-020-09950-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"No conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}