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In this study, we used the ERT to investigate emotion recognition deficits across the frontotemporal (FTD) and Alzheimer\u2019s Dementia (AD) spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>With the ERT, we assessed the recognition of facial emotional expressions (anger-disgust-fear-happiness-sadness-surprise) across four intensities (40\u201360\u201380\u2013100%) in patients with behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200932), and AD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200932), presymptomatic FTD mutation carriers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200947) and controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200949). We examined group differences using multilevel linear regression with age, sex and education level as covariates, and performed post hoc analyses on presymptomatic (<jats:italic>MAPT<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>GRN<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C9orf72<\/jats:italic>) mutation carriers. Classification abilities were investigated by means of logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Lowest ERT total scores were found in patients with bvFTD and AD, whereas equal highest performance was found in presymptomatic mutation carriers and controls. For all emotions, significantly lower subscores were found in patients with bvFTD than in presymptomatic mutation carriers and in controls (highest <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20090.025). Patients with bvFTD performed lower than patients with AD on anger (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005) and a trend towards significance was found for a lower performance on happiness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.065). Task performance increased with higher emotional intensity, and classification was better at the lowest than at the highest intensity. <jats:italic>C9orf72<\/jats:italic> mutation carriers performed worse on recognizing anger at the lowest intensity than <jats:italic>GRN<\/jats:italic> mutation carriers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047) and controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038). The ERT differentiated between patients with bvFTD and controls, and between patients with AD and controls (both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results demonstrate emotion recognition deficits in both bvFTD and AD, and suggest the presence of subtle emotion recognition changes in presymptomatic <jats:italic>C9orf72<\/jats:italic>-FTD. This highlights the importance of incorporating emotion recognition paradigms into standard neuropsychological assessment for early differential diagnosis, and as clinical endpoints in upcoming therapeutic trials.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10096-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T10:04:01Z","timestamp":1596017041000},"page":"102-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Emotion recognition of morphed facial expressions in presymptomatic and symptomatic frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer\u2019s dementia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"268","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1120-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lize C.","family":"Jiskoot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie M.","family":"Poos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon E.","family":"Vollebergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne","family":"Franzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"van Hemmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janne M.","family":"Papma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"van Swieten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy P. 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Participants of the FTD-RisC study provided written informed consent for the use of their anonymized research data. The data from the Radboud University Medical Center were collected as part of routine neuropsychological assessments, and stored and analyzed in anonymized form in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation. Patients provided written informed consent concerning their storage and use. The data from the ZGT hospital were collected as part of another study [], for which written informed consent was obtained in all patients according to the declaration of Helsinki and the Institutional Review Board of the ZGT hospital gave approval. The Erasmus Medical Center ethics committee gave approval for both the local biobank and the FTD-RisC study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}