{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T04:56:36Z","timestamp":1771649796018,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Neuropsychological impairments are major symptoms of autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE) epilepsy patients. In LE epilepsy patients with an autoimmune response against intracellular antigens as well as in antibody-negative patients, the antibody findings and magnetic resonance imaging pathology correspond poorly to the clinical features. Here, we evaluated whether T- and B-cells are linked to cognitive impairment in these groups.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this cross-sectional, observational, case\u2013controlled study, we evaluated 106 patients with adult-onset epilepsies with a suspected autoimmune etiology. We assessed verbal and visual memory, executive function, and mood in relation to the presence or absence of known auto-antibodies, and regarding T- and B-cell activity as indicated by flow cytometry (fluorescence-activated cell sorting\u2009=\u2009FACS, peripheral blood\u2009=\u2009PB and cerebrospinal fluid\u2009=\u2009CSF).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>56% of the patients were antibody-negative. In the other patients, auto-antibodies were directed against intracellular antigens (GAD65, paraneoplastic: 38%), or cellular surface antigens (LGI1\/CASPR2\/NMDA-R: 6%). Excluding LGI1\/CASPR2\/NMDA-R, the groups with and without antibodies did not differ in disease features, cognition, or mood. CD4+\u2009T-cells and CD8+\u2009T-cells in blood and CD4+\u2009T-cells in CSF were prominent in the auto-antibody positive group. Regression analyses indicated the role education, drug load, amygdala and\/or hippocampal pathology, and CD4+\u2009T-cells play in verbal memory and executive function. Depressed mood revealed no relation to flow cytometry results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results indicate a link between T- and B-cell activity and cognition in epilepsy patients with suspected limbic encephalitis, thus suggesting that flow cytometry results can provide an understanding of cognitive impairment in LE patients with autoantibodies against intracellular antigens.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10158-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T13:04:23Z","timestamp":1597928663000},"page":"455-466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Specific B- and T-cell populations are associated with cognition in patients with epilepsy and antibody positive and negative suspected limbic encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"268","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6608-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Helmstaedter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pitshaporn","family":"Leelaarporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Schwing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Demet","family":"Oender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Widman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Racz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Surges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juri-Alexander","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10158_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2013.03.014","volume":"25","author":"VN Adam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adam VN, Budincevic H, Mrsic V, Stojcic EG, Matolic M, Markic A (2013) Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon: a case report. 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Dr. Hansen has no disclosures. Dr. Helmstaedter reports grants from EU Grant E-Epilepsy, personal fees and non-financial support from UCB, personal fees from EISAI, non-financial support from Desitin Pharma, personal fees from GW-Pharma, grants from EpiCare European Network (ERN), personal fees from Precisis AG, outside of the submitted work; In addition, Dr. Helmstaedter has a patent Trade Mark EpiTrack\u00ae with royalties paid. Ms. Leelaarporn has no disclosures. Ms. Oender has no disclosures. Dr. Racz has no disclosures. Ms. Schwing has no disclosures. Dr. Surges reports personal fees from Bial, personal fees from Eisai, personal fees from LivaNova, personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Desitin, personal fees from UCB Pharma, outside of the submitted work; Dr. Widman has no disclosures. Dr. Witt reports personal fees from Eisai, outside of the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by our local Ethics Committee (#\n222\/16).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}