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We aimed to assess the frequency and electroclinical features of pre-referral\u00a0CIDP underdiagnosis and the duration of delay prior to diagnosis and treatment initiation in a tertiary specialist clinic.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We retrospectively investigated 60 consecutive patients attending our Inflammatory Neuropathy Service, between 2015 and 2019, with a final diagnosis of treatment-responsive definite\/probable CIDP. We reviewed the clinical and electrophysiological data in light of European Federation of Neurological Societies\/Peripheral Nerve Society (EFNS\/PNS) guidelines and determined the frequency, causes and delay in diagnosis of CIDP.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An initial alternative diagnosis to that of CIDP had been made in 68.3% (41\/60) of patients. The commonest alternative diagnosis was of Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) in 23.3% (14\/60) patients. Non-GBS underdiagnoses (27\/60; 45%) mainly consisted of genetic neuropathy (8\/27; 29.6%), diabetic neuropathy (5\/27; 18.5%) and chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (4\/27; 14.8%). Non-GBS underdiagnoses were predominantly due to non-recognition of proximal weakness (70.4%), multifocal deficits (18.5%) or proprioceptive loss (7.4%). Electrophysiological misinterpretation was contributory to pre-referral non-GBS\u00a0underdiagnoses of CIDP in 85% of patients. Mean diagnostic delay in patients with non-GBS underdiagnoses of CIDP was of 21.3\u00a0months (range 2\u2013132\u00a0months).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Underdiagnosis of CIDP is frequent and may lead to significant diagnostic and treatment delay. We suggest that lack of comprehensive and precise attention to typical electroclinical features of CIDP and its diagnostic criteria at the time of initial evaluation are equally contributory to underdiagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10287-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T10:02:52Z","timestamp":1605002572000},"page":"1366-1373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Underdiagnosis and diagnostic delay in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"268","author":[{"given":"Umair J.","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf A.","family":"Rajabally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10287_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000494291","volume":"52","author":"MC Broers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Broers MC, Bunschoten C, Nieboer D, Lingsma HF, Jacobs BC (2019) Incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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