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Anti-phospholipid antibodies and routine immunological tests were performed in blood. IgG and albumin were measured in CSF and serum for assessment of the blood\u2013brain barrier function (Q-albumin) and intrathecal IgG production (IgG index). Cerebral MRI and neuropsychological testing were performed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A multivariable regression model showed that increasing CSF anti-NR2 antibody levels were associated with increasing NfL levels in patients with SLE (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic> 1.27, 95% CI 0.88\u20131.65, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Age contributed significantly in the model (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic> 0.04, 95% CI 0.03\u20130.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Similar findings were observed in the pSS group. Adjusted for age and sex, no associations were found between NfL levels and any MRI data. In SLE patients, higher NfL concentrations were associated with impairments in psychomotor speed and motor function, and in pSS with motor dysfunction. These associations remained in multivariable regression models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Increased concentration of NfL in CSF is a marker of cerebral involvement in patients with SLE and pSS, is strongly associated with the presence of anti-NR2 antibodies, and correlates with cognitive impairment in several domains.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10290-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T21:02:43Z","timestamp":1604091763000},"page":"1385-1394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Neurofilament light is a biomarker of brain involvement in lupus and primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"268","author":[{"given":"Anne B.","family":"Tjensvoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria B.","family":"Lauvsnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan T.","family":"Kval\u00f8y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Kvivik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stian S.","family":"Maroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole J.","family":"Greve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona K.","family":"Beyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsei","family":"Hirohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaim","family":"Putterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erna","family":"Harboe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lasse G.","family":"G\u00f8ransson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6051-4658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roald","family":"Omdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10290_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0156-8","volume":"15","author":"N Schwartz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwartz N, Stock AD, Putterman C (2019) Neuropsychiatric lupus: new mechanistic insights and future treatment directions. 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Dr. Mona Beyer has received honoraria for lecturing, from Novartis and Biogen Idec, Merck AB, Roche Norge, and Sanofi Genzyme. Dr. Kaj Blennow has served as a consultant or on advisory boards for Abcam, Axon, Biogen, Lilly, MagQu, Novartis, and Roche Diagnostics, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program. Dr. Roald Omdal has received speaker honoraria from several pharmaceutical companies. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study complied with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Regional Research Ethics Committee (REKvest 2010\/1455).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"NA.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}