{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:16:41Z","timestamp":1793146601256,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000627","name":"Guarantors of Brain","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000283","name":"Migraine Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000283","name":"Migraine Trust","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000764","name":"King's College London","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000764","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To study the agreement between self-reported trigger factors and early premonitory symptoms amongst a group of migraineurs in both spontaneous and pharmacologically provoked attacks.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fifty-three subjects with migraine with and without aura, with\u2009\u2264\u200922 headache days\/month, with spontaneous premonitory symptoms associated with migraine attacks were recruited nationally. A detailed history was taken by a study investigator to confirm diagnosis and extended phenotyping was performed to identify patient-reported triggers for migraine attacks, premonitory symptom phenotype and headache characteristics, using a standardised physician-administered questionnaire. The same subjects were exposed to a 0.5 mcg\/kg\/min nitroglycerin infusion over 20\u00a0min, to determine if similar migraine symptoms could be triggered. The triggered attacks were phenotyped in the same way as spontaneous ones. Percentage agreement and Cohen\u2019s kappa measure of agreement were used to identify concordance between patient-reported triggers and the corresponding spontaneous and triggered premonitory symptoms. Percentage agreement of\u2009&gt;\u200960% and\/or a kappa value\u2009&gt;\u20090.3 with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 were considered significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There was statistically significant agreement between perception of light as a migraine trigger and spontaneous premonitory photophobia; perception of sound as a trigger and triggered premonitory phonophobia; skipping meals as a trigger and spontaneous premonitory food cravings; and food triggers and spontaneous premonitory food cravings. There was good agreement between stress and premonitory triggered mood change.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At least some patient-reported triggers, such as light, sound, foods and skipping meals, may represent early brain manifestations of the premonitory phase of the migraine attack.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10344-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]],"date-time":"2021-01-05T08:03:21Z","timestamp":1609833801000},"page":"1885-1893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Are some patient-perceived migraine triggers simply early manifestations of the attack?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"268","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6946-5637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazia","family":"Karsan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pyari","family":"Bose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayde","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Goadsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"10344_CR1","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Headache Collaborators (2018) Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. 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Separate to this work, NK has received honoraria from Novartis Pharmaceuticals and Teva Pharmaceuticals, and writer honoraria from Continuum\u00a0and Medicine (MPMED). PB has received honoraria from Teva Pharmaceuticals and writer honoraria from Continuum. JN has no disclosures to report.\u00a0PJG reports, over the last 36\u00a0months, grants and personal fees from Amgen and Eli-Lilly and Company, grant from Celgene, and personal fees from Alder Biopharmaceuticals, Aeon Biopharma, Allergan, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Inc., Clexio, Electrocore LLC, eNeura, Epalex, GlaxoSmithKline, Impel Neuropharma, Lundbeck, MundiPharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Santara Therapeutics, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Trigemina Inc., WL Gore, and personal fees from MedicoLegal work, Massachusetts Medical Society, Up-to-Date, Oxford University Press, and Wolters Kluwer; and a patent magnetic stimulation for headache assigned to eNeura without fee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study using human participants was approved by the Camden and King\u2019s Cross Research Ethics Committee in February 2015 (14\/LO\/2241). The study was also approved by King\u2019s College Hospital Research and Development Committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All subjects enrolled in the study gave informed written consent for participation, according to the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}