{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T18:22:00Z","timestamp":1794075720298,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009128","name":"Research for Patient Benefit Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MRC Confidence in Concept"},{"name":"European Commision FP7"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009575","name":"Jacques und Gloria Gossweiler-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009575","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Clinch Token Transfer Test (C3t) is a bi-manual coin transfer task that incorporates cognitive tasks to add complexity. This study explored the concurrent and convergent validity of the C3t as a simple, objective assessment of impairment that is reflective of disease severity in Huntington\u2019s, that is not reliant on clinical expertise for administration.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>One-hundred-and-five participants presenting with pre-manifest (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200916) or manifest (TFC-Stage-1 <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200939; TFC-Stage-2 <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200943; TFC-Stage-3 <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) Huntington\u2019s disease completed the Unified Huntington\u2019s Disease Rating Scale and the C3t at baseline. Of these, thirty-three were followed up after 12 months. Regression was used to estimate baseline individual and composite clinical scores (including cognitive, motor, and functional ability) using baseline C3t scores. Correlations between C3t and clinical scores were assessed using Spearman\u2019s R and visually inspected in relation to disease severity using scatterplots. Effect size over 12 months provided an indication of longitudinal behaviour of the C3t in relation to clinical measures.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Baseline C3t scores predicted baseline clinical scores to within 9\u201313% accuracy, being associated with individual and composite clinical scores. Changes in C3t scores over 12 months were small (<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Omega$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                    <mml:mi>\u03a9<\/mml:mi>\n                  <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> \u2264\u20090.15) and mirrored the change in clinical scores.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The C3t demonstrates promise as a simple, easy to administer, objective outcome measure capable of predicting impairment that is reflective of Huntington\u2019s disease severity and offers a viable solution to support remote clinical monitoring. It may also offer utility as a screening tool for recruitment to clinical trials given preliminary indications of association with the prognostic index normed for Huntington\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10375-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T08:49:07Z","timestamp":1612860547000},"page":"2550-2559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Objectively characterizing Huntington\u2019s disease using a novel upper limb dexterity test"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"268","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3476-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Woodgate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2240-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippa","family":"Morgan-Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Clinch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheney","family":"Drew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Playle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Bennasar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0428-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Catherine","family":"Bachoud-L\u00e9vi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Massart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Craufurd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katy","family":"Hamana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Reilmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4716-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Rosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5331-5909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"10375_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000443738","volume":"46","author":"MD Rawlins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rawlins MD, Wexler NS, Wexler AR et al (2016) The prevalence of Huntington\u2019s disease. 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