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Alexandre Demoule reports personal fees from Medtronic, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Philips, personal fees from Baxter, personal fees from Hamilton, personal fees and non-financial support from Fisher and Paykel, grants from French Ministry of Health, personal fees from Getinge, grants and personal fees from Respinor, grants and non-financial support from Lungpacer, outside the submitted work. Martin Dres received personal fees and travel expenses from Lungpacer outside the submitted work. Nicolas Weiss has signed research contracts with Eumedica, BMS, MedDay pharmaceuticals; he has also received personal fees from Norgine and Alpha-Wasserman and Consultant fees from MedDay Pharmaceuticals. Ahmed Idbaih reports Ahmed Idbaih reports grants and travel funding from Carthera (September 2019), grants from Transgene, grants from Sanofi, grants from Air Liquide, travel funding from Leo Pharma, grants from Nutritheragene, outside the submitted work. Charles-Edouard Luyt reports having receiving fees from Bayer Healthcare, ThermoFischer Brahms, Biom\u00e9rieux, Faron, Carmat, Aerogen, Merck Sharp and Dohme, outside the submitted work. Other authors had no conflict of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the French Intensive Care Society Institutional Review Board (CE SRLF 20-15) and information was given to the patients or their relatives.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Our data are available to ensure transparency.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}}]}}