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Autonomic testing included forehead cooling, intradermal microdialysis of norepinephrine (NE; 10<jats:sup>\u20135<\/jats:sup>; 10<jats:sup>\u20136<\/jats:sup>; 10<jats:sup>\u20137<\/jats:sup>; and 10<jats:sup>\u20138<\/jats:sup>), and orthostatic hypotension (OH); somatosensory testing included quantitative sensory testing (QST) according to the protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>OH occurred more frequently in PD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018) and MSA (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) compared to HC. Vasoconstriction responses were stronger in PD compared to MSA during forehead cooling (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044) and microdialysis of physiologically concentrated NE solutions (10<jats:sup>\u20137<\/jats:sup>; 10\u20138; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017). PD and MSA had impaired cold (PD: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01; MSA: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and warm detection thresholds (PD and MSA, both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The mechanical detection threshold was higher in PD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Conversely, mechanical pain thresholds were decreased in PD and MSA (both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), indicating mechanical hyperalgesia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In contrast to MSA, we found evidence of peripheral adrenoreceptor hypersensitivity in PD, probably caused by peripheral sympathetic denervation. Sensory testing revealed peripheral neuropathy and central pain sensitization in PD and MSA. Jointly, our data demonstrate autonomic and somatosensory dysfunction in PD and MSA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10514-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T18:02:38Z","timestamp":1615658558000},"page":"3435-3443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sympathetic and sensory nerve fiber function in multiple system atrophy and idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"268","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0615-1304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidrun H.","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora","family":"Rebhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Geber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Birklein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"10514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12378630","volume":"102","author":"C Anderson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Anderson C, Andersson T, Wardell K (1994) Changes in skin circulation after insertion of a microdialysis probe visualized by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. 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