{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:39:58Z","timestamp":1777934398883,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005341","name":"Bayerisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TiKoCo19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TiKoCo19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005626","name":"Universit\u00e4t Regensburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005626","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is an established biomarker of neuro-axonal damage in multiple neurological disorders. Raised sNfL levels have been reported in adults infected with pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Levels in children infected with COVID-19 have not as yet been reported.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate whether sNfL is elevated in children contracting COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Between May 22 and July 22, 2020, a network of outpatient pediatricians in Bavaria, Germany, the Coronavirus antibody screening in children from Bavaria study network (CoKiBa), recruited healthy children into a cross-sectional study from two sources: an ongoing prevention program for 1\u201314 years, and referrals of 1\u201317 years consulting a pediatrician for possible infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We determined sNfL levels by single molecule array immunoassay and SARS-CoV-2 antibody status by two independent quantitative methods.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 2652 included children, 148 (5.6%) were SARS-CoV-2 antibody positive with asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 infection. Neurological symptoms\u2014headache, dizziness, muscle aches, or loss of smell and taste\u2014were present in 47\/148 cases (31.8%). Mean sNfL levels were 5.5\u00a0pg\/ml (SD 2.9) in the total cohort, 5.1 (SD 2.1) pg\/ml in the children with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and 5.5 (SD 3.0) pg\/ml in those without. Multivariate regression analysis revealed age\u2014but neither antibody status, antibody levels, nor clinical severity\u2014as an independent predictor of sNfL. Follow-up of children with pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914) showed no association with sNfL.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this population study, children with asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 showed no neurochemical evidence of neuronal damage.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10554-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,25]],"date-time":"2021-04-25T03:51:04Z","timestamp":1619322664000},"page":"3969-3974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) values in a large cross-sectional population of children with asymptomatic to moderate 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