{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:33:46Z","timestamp":1787924026958,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Moyamoya Friends Association"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003484","name":"Heinrich-Heine-Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Little is known about the angiographic presentation of Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) in non-Asian patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Conventional cerebral angiograms from 155 Caucasian patients diagnosed as MMA were analyzed with respect to extracranial champagne bottle neck sign, Suzuki stages, collateral status, as well as presence of aneurysms and posterior cerebral artery stenosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In 84 of 155 angiograms, the extracranial carotid artery was visualized, in 65 of them (77.4%), a champagne bottle neck sign was noted. Of the 278 analyzable hemispheres, 13.7%,11.2%, 37.8%, 27.3%, 8.6%, and 1.4% were classified as Suzuki stage I, stage II, stage III, stage IV, stage V, and stage VI, respectively. Among 280 hemispheres, in 53 hemispheres (18.9%) isolated basal collaterals (pathway I) and in 104 hemispheres (37.1%) choroidal and pericallosal collaterals (including basal collaterals, pathway II) were found. In 74 hemispheres (26.4%) ethmoidal collaterals (pathways III), and in 17 hemispheres (6.1%) vault collaterals were visualized. Patients with higher Suzuki stages IV\u2013VI (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008) and ethmoidal collaterals (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) suffered more often from cerebral hemorrhage. Transient ischemic attacks occurred more frequently in patients with Suzuki stage I to III (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In 10 of 155 patients (6.5%), the angiogram revealed a cerebral aneurysm. In 13 patients (8.4%), a stenotic P1 segment of the posterior cerebral artery was found.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is so far the largest observational study about angiography in Caucasian European MMA patients. A comparison with Asian data indicates similarity of disease in Caucasian and Asian patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10684-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T16:03:25Z","timestamp":1625760205000},"page":"997-1006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The angiographic presentation of European Moyamoya angiopathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"269","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Pilgram-Pastor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Chapot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5667-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Kraemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10684_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012","volume":"20","author":"J Suzuki","year":"1969","unstructured":"Suzuki J, Takaku A (1969) Cerebrovascular \u201cmoyamoya\u201d disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain. Arch Neurol 20(3):288\u2013299","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10684_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023972","volume":"50","author":"L Grangeon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grangeon L, Guey S, Schwitalla JC, Bergametti F, Arnould M, Corpechot M, Hadjadj J, Riant F, Aloui C, Drunat S, Vidaud D, Tournier-Lasserve E, Kraemer M (2019) Clinical and molecular features of 5 European multigenerational families with moyamoya angiopathy. Stroke 50(4):789\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023972","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10684_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09406-w","author":"M Kraemer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kraemer M, Keyvani K, Berlit P, Diesner F, Marquardt M (2019) Histopathology of moyamoya angiopathy in a European patient. J Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09406-w","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10684_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2015.1096902","volume":"29","author":"P Hever","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hever P, Alamri A, Tolias C (2015) Moyamoya angiopathy - Is there a Western phenotype? Br J Neurosurg 29(6):765\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02688697.2015.1096902","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10684_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09245-9","author":"J Graf","year":"2019","unstructured":"Graf J, Schwitalla JC, Albrecht P, Veltkamp R, Berlit P, Hartung HP, Aktas O, Kraemer M (2019) Misdiagnoses and delay of diagnoses in Moyamoya angiopathy-a large Caucasian case series. J Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09245-9","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10684_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-0661-7_6","volume":"112","author":"B Krischek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krischek B, Kasuya H, Khan N, Tatagiba M, Roder C, Kraemer M (2011) Genetic and clinical characteristics of Moyamoya disease in Europeans. Acta Neurochir Suppl 112:31\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-7091-0661-7_6","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10684_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09277-1","volume":"266","author":"M Kraemer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kraemer M, Schwitalla JC, Diesner F, Aktas O, Hartung HP, Berlit P (2019) Clinical presentation of Moyamoya angiopathy in Europeans: experiences from Germany with 200 patients. J Neurol 266(6):1421\u20131428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-019-09277-1","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10684_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.52.245","volume":"52","author":"Research Committee on the P, Treatment of Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circle of W, Health Labour Sciences Research Grant for Research on Measures for Infractable D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Research Committee on the P, Treatment of Spontaneous Occlusion of the Circle of W, Health Labour Sciences Research Grant for Research on Measures for Infractable D (2012) Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis). Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 52(5):245\u2013266","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10684_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9031-4","volume":"265","author":"M Kraemer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kraemer M, Karakaya R, Matsushige T, Graf J, Albrecht P, Hartung HP, Berlit P, Laumer R, Diesner F (2018) Efficacy of STA-MCA bypass surgery in moyamoya angiopathy: long-term follow-up of the Caucasian Krupp Hospital cohort with 81 procedures. J Neurol 265(10):2425\u20132433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-018-9031-4","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10684_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.4.JNS081649","volume":"111","author":"R Guzman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guzman R, Lee M, Achrol A, Bell-Stephens T, Kelly M, Do HM, Marks MP, Steinberg GK (2009) Clinical outcome after 450 revascularization procedures for moyamoya disease. Clin Article J Neurosurg 111(5):927\u2013935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.4.JNS081649","journal-title":"Clin Article J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10684_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000834","volume":"43","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li J, Jin M, Sun X, Li J, Liu Y, Xi Y, Wang Q, Zhao W, Huang Y (2019) Imaging of moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome: current status. J Comput Assist Tomogr 43(2):257\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000834","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10684_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.14.1.104","volume":"14","author":"J Suzuki","year":"1983","unstructured":"Suzuki J, Kodama N (1983) Moyamoya disease\u2013a review. Stroke 14(1):104\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.14.1.104","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10684_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2014-0307","volume":"55","author":"M Fujimura","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fujimura M, Tominaga T (2015) Diagnosis of moyamoya disease: international standard and regional differences. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 55(3):189\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.ra.2014-0307","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"8","key":"10684_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104957","volume":"29","author":"S Das","year":"2020","unstructured":"Das S, Dubey S, Acharya M, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Hazra A, Lahiri D, Segupta S, Chatterjee S, Das G, Sarkar N, Ray BK, Kraemer M (2020) The disease presentation of Moyamoya angiopathy in Eastern India. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 29(8):104957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104957","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10684_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5622","volume":"39","author":"T Robert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robert T, Ciccio G, Sylvestre P, Chiappini A, Weil AG, Smajda S, Chaalala C, Blanc R, Reinert M, Piotin M, Bojanowski MW (2018) Anatomic and angiographic analyses of ophthalmic artery collaterals in moyamoya disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 39(6):1121\u20131126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A5622","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10684_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcz029","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcz029","volume":"1","author":"A Rosi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosi A, Riordan CP, Smith ER, Scott RM, Orbach DB (2019) Clinical status and evolution in moyamoya: which angiographic findings correlate? Brain Commun 1(1):fcz029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcz029","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10684_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3819","volume":"35","author":"DK Jang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jang DK, Lee KS, Rha HK, Huh PW, Yang JH, Park IS, Ahn JG, Sung JH, Han YM (2014) Clinical and angiographic features and stroke types in adult moyamoya disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 35(6):1124\u20131131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A3819","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10684_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2018.05.004","volume":"175","author":"P Brandicourt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brandicourt P, Blanc C, Bonnet L, Bejot Y, Ricolfi F, Drouet C, Moulin T, Thines L (2019) Adult moyamoya angiopathy in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte: Epidemiology, diagnosis and management. Rev Neurol (Paris) 175(4):247\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurol.2018.05.004","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10684_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.11.JNS171990","volume":"130","author":"M Fujimura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fujimura M, Funaki T, Houkin K, Takahashi JC, Kuroda S, Tomata Y, Tominaga T, Miyamoto S (2019) Intrinsic development of choroidal and thalamic collaterals in hemorrhagic-onset moyamoya disease: case-control study of the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial. J Neurosurg 130(5):1453\u20131459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2017.11.JNS171990","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10684_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.6.JNS15845","volume":"124","author":"T Funaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Funaki T, Takahashi JC, Yoshida K, Takagi Y, Fushimi Y, Kikuchi T, Mineharu Y, Okada T, Morimoto T, Miyamoto S (2016) Periventricular anastomosis in moyamoya disease: detecting fragile collateral vessels with MR angiography. J Neurosurg 124(6):1766\u20131772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.6.JNS15845","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10684_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2582-5","volume":"31","author":"G Baltsavias","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baltsavias G, Khan N, Valavanis A (2015) The collateral circulation in pediatric moyamoya disease. Childs Nerv Syst 31(3):389\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-014-2582-5","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"7","key":"10684_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5700","volume":"39","author":"T Matsushige","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsushige T, Kraemer M, Sato T, Berlit P, Forsting M, Ladd ME, Jabbarli R, Sure U, Khan N, Schlamann M, Wrede KH (2018) Visualization and classification of deeply seated collateral networks in moyamoya angiopathy with 7T MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 39(7):1248\u20131254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A5700","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10684_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3883","volume":"35","author":"MK Strother","year":"2014","unstructured":"Strother MK, Anderson MD, Singer RJ, Du L, Moore RD, Shyr Y, Ladner TR, Arteaga D, Day MA, Clemmons PF, Donahue MJ (2014) Cerebrovascular collaterals correlate with disease severity in adult North American patients with Moyamoya disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 35(7):1318\u20131324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A3883","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10684_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73739-3_13","volume":"129","author":"P Birkeland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Birkeland P, Lauritsen J (2018) Incidence of moyamoya disease in denmark: a population-based register study. Acta Neurochir Suppl 129:91\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-73739-3_13","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"10684_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0390-5616.20.05030-4","author":"S Dubey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dubey S, Ghosh R, Chatterjee S, Dubey MJ, Ray BK, Das S, Chatterjee A, Lahiri D, Kraemer M (2020) Spicy foods triggering clinical symptoms in Moyamoya angiopathy. J Neurosurg Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S0390-5616.20.05030-4","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10684_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.11.JNS161650","volume":"128","author":"T Funaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Funaki T, Takahashi JC, Houkin K, Kuroda S, Takeuchi S, Fujimura M, Tomata Y, Miyamoto S (2018) Angiographic features of hemorrhagic moyamoya disease with high recurrence risk: a supplementary analysis of the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial. J Neurosurg 128(3):777\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.11.JNS161650","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10684_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.10.JNS181139","volume":"132","author":"T Funaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Funaki T, Takahashi JC, Houkin K, Kuroda S, Fujimura M, Tomata Y, Miyamoto S (2019) Effect of choroidal collateral vessels on de novo hemorrhage in moyamoya disease: analysis of nonhemorrhagic hemispheres in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial. J Neurosurg 132(2):408\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.10.JNS181139","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10684_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.PEDS16161","volume":"19","author":"A Storey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Storey A, Michael Scott R, Robertson R, Smith E (2017) Preoperative transdural collateral vessels in moyamoya as radiographic biomarkers of disease. J Neurosurg Pediatr 19(3):289\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.9.PEDS16161","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10684_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03527.x","volume":"52","author":"V Ganesan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ganesan V (2010) Moyamoya: to cut or not to cut is not the only question. A paediatric neurologist\u2019s perspective. Dev Med Child Neurol 52(1):10\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03527.x","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10684_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416643516","author":"M Kraemer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kraemer M, Lee SI, Ayzenberg I, Schwitalla JC, Diehl RR, Berlit P, Bosche B, Katsarava Z, Obermann M (2016) Headache in Caucasian patients with Moyamoya angiopathy - a systematic cohort study. Cephalalgia. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102416643516","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10684_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v2.i9.474","volume":"2","author":"T Shimogawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shimogawa T, Morioka T, Sayama T, Hamamura T, Yasuda C, Arakawa S (2014) Champagne bottle neck sign in a patient with Moyamoya syndrome. World J Clin Cases 2(9):474\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12998\/wjcc.v2.i9.474","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"10684_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.043","volume":"118","author":"J Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang J, Chen G, Yang Y, Zhang B, Jia Z, Gu P, Wei D, Ji J, Hu W, Zhao X (2018) Association between champagne bottle neck sign of internal carotid artery and ipsilateral hemorrhagic stroke in patients with moyamoya disease. World Neurosurg 118:e18\u2013e24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.06.043","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10684_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.2.JNS19106","author":"C Roder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roder C, Hauser TK, Ernemann U, Tatagiba M, Khan N, Bender B (2019) Arterial wall contrast enhancement in progressive moyamoya disease. J Neurosurg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2019.2.JNS19106","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10684_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.ra.2019-0059","volume":"59","author":"T Mikami","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mikami T, Suzuki H, Komatsu K, Mikuni N (2019) Influence of inflammatory disease on the pathophysiology of moyamoya disease and quasi-moyamoya disease. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 59(10):361\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2176\/nmc.ra.2019-0059","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10684_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.09.023","volume":"61","author":"SV Furtado","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furtado SV, Medress ZA, Teo M, Steinberg GK (2019) Pathogenesis of aneurysms on major vessels in moyamoya disease and management outcome. J Clin Neurosci 61:219\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.09.023","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10684_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.1.PEDS17367","volume":"21","author":"T Kimiwada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kimiwada T, Hayashi T, Shirane R, Tominaga T (2018) Posterior cerebral artery stenosis and posterior circulation revascularization surgery in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease. J Neurosurg Pediatr 21(6):632\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2018.1.PEDS17367","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10684_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-018-3985-5","volume":"35","author":"WH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim WH, Kim SD, Nam MH, Jung JM, Jin SW, Ha SK, Lim DJ, Lee HB (2019) Posterior circulation involvement and collateral flow pattern in moyamoya disease with the RNF213 polymorphism. Childs Nerv Syst 35(2):309\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-018-3985-5","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"11","key":"10684_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70240-0","volume":"7","author":"S Kuroda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuroda S, Houkin K (2008) Moyamoya disease: current concepts and future perspectives. Lancet Neurol 7(11):1056\u20131066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70240-0","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10684_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.08.016","volume":"77","author":"M Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao M, Zhang D, Wang S, Zhang Y, Deng X, Zhao J (2017) The collateral circulation in moyamoya disease: a single-center experience in 140 pediatric patients. Pediatr Neurol 77:78\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.08.016","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10684_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000047120.67507.0d","volume":"34","author":"M Morioka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morioka M, Hamada J, Kawano T, Todaka T, Yano S, Kai Y, Ushio Y (2003) Angiographic dilatation and branch extension of the anterior choroidal and posterior communicating arteries are predictors of hemorrhage in adult moyamoya patients. Stroke 34(1):90\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.str.0000047120.67507.0d","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10684_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6861","author":"A Miyakoshi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miyakoshi A, Funaki T, Fushimi Y, Nakae T, Okawa M, Kikuchi T, Kataoka H, Yoshida K, Mineharu Y, Matsuhashi M, Nakatani E, Miyamoto S (2020) Cortical distribution of fragile periventricular anastomotic collateral vessels in moyamoya disease: an exploratory cross-sectional study of japanese patients with moyamoya disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A6861","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10684_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12062","volume":"23","author":"J Neltner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neltner J, Horbinski C (2013) A 29 year old woman with acute mental status changes. Brain Pathol 23(4):479\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bpa.12062","journal-title":"Brain Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10684_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-019-0639-2","volume":"22","author":"A Pinard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pinard A, Guey S, Guo D, Cecchi AC, Kharas N, Wallace S, Regalado ES, Hostetler EM, Sharrief AZ, Bergametti F, Kossorotoff M, Herve D, Kraemer M, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Smith ER, Tournier-Lasserve E, Milewicz DM (2020) The pleiotropy associated with de novo variants in CHD4, CNOT3, and SETD5 extends to moyamoya angiopathy. Genet Med 22(2):427\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41436-019-0639-2","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10684_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2016-104432","volume":"54","author":"S Guey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guey S, Grangeon L, Brunelle F, Bergametti F, Amiel J, Lyonnet S, Delaforge A, Arnould M, Desnous B, Bellesme C, Herve D, Schwitalla JC, Kraemer M, Tournier-Lasserve E, Kossorotoff M (2017) De novo mutations in CBL causing early-onset paediatric moyamoya angiopathy. J Med Genet 54(8):550\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jmedgenet-2016-104432","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10684_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000221787.70503.ca","volume":"37","author":"CL Hallemeier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hallemeier CL, Rich KM, Grubb RL Jr, Chicoine MR, Moran CJ, Cross DT 3rd, Zipfel GJ, Dacey RG Jr, Derdeyn CP (2006) Clinical features and outcome in North American adults with moyamoya phenomenon. Stroke 37(6):1490\u20131496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000221787.70503.ca","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10684_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9154-7","volume":"266","author":"M Savolainen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Savolainen M, Mustanoja S, Pekkola J, Tyni T, Uusitalo AM, Ruotsalainen S, Poutiainen E, Hernesniemi J, Kivipelto L, Tatlisumak T (2019) Moyamoya angiopathy: long-term follow-up study in a Finnish population. J Neurol 266(3):574\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-018-9154-7","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10684_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.11.JNS161688","volume":"128","author":"JP Jeon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeon JP, Kim JE, Cho WS, Bang JS, Son YJ, Oh CW (2018) Meta-analysis of the surgical outcomes of symptomatic moyamoya disease in adults. J Neurosurg 128(3):793\u2013799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2016.11.JNS161688","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10684-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10684-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10684-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T15:16:47Z","timestamp":1642778207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10684-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10684-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf ethical committee authorized the study and it was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}