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We aimed to evaluate the absence of nigrosome 1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to address its meaning.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      136 ALS patients were recruited, including 16 progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) and 22 primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) patients. The SNh area was measured planimetrically by standard protocols. The nigrosome 1 status was qualitatively assessed by two blind evaluators in susceptibility weight images of 3T MRI. Demographic and clinical data were collected and the\n                      <jats:italic>C9ORF72<\/jats:italic>\n                      expansion was tested in all patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nigrosome 1 was absent in 30% of ALS patients (36% of PLS, 29% of classical ALS and 19% of PMA patients). There was no relationship between radiological and clinical laterality, nor between nigrosome 1 and SNh area. Male sex (OR\u2009=\u20093.63 [1.51, 9.38],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005) and a higher upper motor neuron (UMN) score (OR\u2009=\u20091.10 [1.02, 1.2],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022) were independently associated to nigrosome 1 absence, which also was an independent marker of poor survival (HR\u2009=\u20091.79 [1.3, 2.8],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In ALS patients, the absence of nigrosome 1 is associated with male sex, UMN impairment and shorter survival. This suggests that constitutional factors and the degree of pyramidal involvement are related to the substantia nigra involvement in ALS. Thus, nigrosome 1 could be a marker of a multisystem degeneration, which in turn associates to poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10729-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T05:03:07Z","timestamp":1628658187000},"page":"1631-1640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Role of the nigrosome 1 absence as a biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"269","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Moreno-Gamb\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 I.","family":"Tembl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Maz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio Jos\u00e9","family":"Ca\u00f1ada-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Mart\u00ed-Bonmat\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Sevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3043-7938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan F.","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"10729_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30199-5","volume":"15","author":"A Al-Chalabi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Chalabi A, Hardiman O, Kiernan MC et al (2016) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: moving towards a new classification system. 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