{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:11:10Z","timestamp":1787508670554,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10894-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T14:53:57Z","timestamp":1637679237000},"page":"3109-3118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["When should we test patients with epilepsy for autoimmune antibodies? Results from a French retrospective single center study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"269","author":[{"given":"Bondish","family":"Kambadja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Houot","family":"Marion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Cousyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Mezouar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastien","family":"Herlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2080-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dupont","family":"Sophie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"10894_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12550","volume":"55","author":"RS Fisher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A et al (2014) ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia 55:475\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.12550","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10894_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709","volume":"58","author":"IE Scheffer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G et al (2017) ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE commission for classification and terminology. Epilepsia 58:512\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.13709","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10894_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2185","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007475","volume":"92","author":"MAAM De Bruijn","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Bruijn MAAM, van Sonderen A, van Coevorden-Hameete MH et al (2019) Evaluation of seizure treatment in anti-LGI1, anti-NMDAR, and anti-GABABR encephalitis. Neurology 92:e2185\u2013e2196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007475","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10894_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12974","volume":"46","author":"MP Newman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Newman MP, Blum S, Wong RCW et al (2016) Autoimmune encephalitis. Intern Med J 46:148\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imj.12974","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10894_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","volume":"15","author":"F Graus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R et al (2016) A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 15:391\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10894_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13797","volume":"58","author":"D Dubey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dubey D, Singh J, Britton JW, Pittock SJ (2017) Predictive models in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune epilepsy. Epilepsia 58:1181\u20131189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.13797","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10894_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885","author":"EI Benchimol","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benchimol EI, Smeeth L, Guttmann A, Harron K, Moher D, Petersen I, S\u00f8rensen HT, von Elm E, Langan SM, The RECORD Working Committee (2015) The reporting of studies conducted using observational routinely-collected health data (RECORD) statement. PLoS Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001885","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10894_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02708","author":"S Macher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Macher S, Zimprich F, De Simoni D, H\u00f6ftberger R, Rommer PS (2018) Management of autoimmune encephalitis: an observational monocentric study of 38 patients. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02708","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10894_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70224-2","volume":"7","author":"J Dalmau","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dalmau J, Gleichman AJ, Hughes EG et al (2008) Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies. Lancet Neurol 7:1091\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70224-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10894_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25131","volume":"83","author":"D Dubey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Kelly CR et al (2018) Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis: autoimmune encephalitis. Ann Neurol 83:166\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25131","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10894_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12127","volume":"54","author":"T Brenner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brenner T, Sills GJ, Hart Y et al (2013) Prevalence of neurologic autoantibodies in cohorts of patients with new and established epilepsy. Epilepsia 54:1028\u20131035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.12127","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10894_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5429","volume":"74","author":"D Dubey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dubey D, Alqallaf A, Hays R et al (2017) Neurological autoantibody prevalence in epilepsy of unknown etiology. JAMA Neurol 74:397\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5429","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10894_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1038","volume":"54","author":"MS Gable","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gable MS, Sheriff H, Dalmau J, Tilley DH, Glaser CA (2012) the frequency of autoimmune N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis surpasses that of individual viral etiologies in young individuals enrolled in the California encephalitis project. Clin Infect Dis 54:899\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cir1038","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10894_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.43","volume":"13","author":"A Van Sonderen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Sonderen A, Petit-Pedrol M, Dalmau J, Titulaer MJ (2017) The value of LGI1, Caspr2 and voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies in encephalitis. Nat Rev Neurol 13:290\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.43","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10894_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.04.007","volume":"29","author":"D Dubey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dubey D, Samudra N, Gupta P et al (2015) Retrospective case series of the clinical features, management and outcomes of patients with autoimmune epilepsy. Seizure 29:143\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2015.04.007","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10894_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2015.09.004","volume":"30","author":"S Scheer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Scheer S, John RM (2016) Anti\u2013N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Health Care 30:347\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedhc.2015.09.004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"},{"key":"10894_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70137-X","volume":"9","author":"M Lai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lai M, Huijbers MGM, Lancaster E et al (2010) Investigation of LGI1 as the antigen in limbic encephalitis previously attributed to potassium channels: a case series. Lancet Neurol 9:776\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70137-X","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10894_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1","volume":"12","author":"MJ Titulaer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Titulaer MJ, McCracken L, Gabilondo I et al (2013) Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol 12:157\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10894_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121364","author":"N Gresa-Arribas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gresa-Arribas N, Ari\u00f1o H, Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez E et al (2015) Antibodies to inhibitory synaptic proteins in neurological syndromes associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase autoimmunity. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0121364","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10894_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22307","volume":"69","author":"SR Irani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Irani SR, Michell AW, Lang B et al (2011) Faciobrachial dystonic seizures precede Lgi1 antibody limbic encephalitis. Ann Neurol 69:892\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.22307","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10894_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.01.021","volume":"80","author":"A Daif","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daif A, Lukas RV, Issa NP et al (2018) Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibody-associated epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 80:331\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2018.01.021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10894_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.10002\/ana.26013","volume":"89","author":"MAAM de Bruijn","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Bruijn MAAM, Bastiaansen AEM, Mojzisova H et al (2021) Antibodies contributing to focal epilepsy signs and symptoms score. Ann Neurol 89:698\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.10002\/ana.26013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10894_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007444","volume":"92","author":"JW Britton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Britton JW, Dalmau J (2019) Recognizing autoimmune encephalitis as a cause of seizures treating cause and not effect. Neurology 92:877\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007444","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10894_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI125178","volume":"129","author":"C Geis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geis C, Planaguma J, Carre\u00f1o M, Graus F, Dalmau J (2019) Autoimmune seizures and epilepsy. J Clin Invest 129:926\u2013940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI125178","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10894_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10447-3","volume":"268","author":"TD Dittrich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dittrich TD, Baumann SM, Semmlack S, De Marchis GM, Hunziker S, R\u00fcegg S et al (2021) Diagnostic yield of cerebrospinal fluid analysis in status epilepticus: an 8-year cohort study. J Neurol 268(9):3325\u20133336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10447-3","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10894_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16282","volume":"60","author":"A Vogrig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vogrig A, Joubert B, Andre-Obadia N, Gigli GL, Rheims S, Honnorat J (2019) Seizure specificities in patients with antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis. Epilepsia 60:1508\u20131525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.16282","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10894_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02927.x","volume":"52","author":"R Ottman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ottman R, Lipton RB, Ettinger AB et al (2011) Comorbidities of epilepsy: results from the epilepsy comorbidities and health (EPIC) survey. Epilepsia 52:308\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02927.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10894_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12298","volume":"54","author":"AR Brooks-Kayal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brooks-Kayal AR, Bath KG, Berg AT et al (2013) Issues related to symptomatic and disease-modifying treatments affecting cognitive and neuropsychiatric comorbidities of epilepsy. Epilepsia 54:44\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.12298","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10894_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.02.017","volume":"49","author":"C Helmstaedter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Helmstaedter C, Witt JA (2017) Epilepsy and cognition: a bidirectional relationship? Seizure 49:83\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.seizure.2017.02.017","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"10894_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000138430.11829.61","volume":"63","author":"A Ettinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ettinger A, Reed M, Cramer J (2004) Depression and comorbidity in community-based patients with epilepsy or asthma. Neurology 63:1008\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000138430.11829.61","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10894_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059415595907","volume":"47","author":"L Baysal-Kirac","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baysal-Kirac L, Tuzun E, Altindag E et al (2016) Are there any specific EEG findings in autoimmune epilepsies? Clin EEG Neurosci 47:224\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1550059415595907","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"key":"10894_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.037","volume":"309","author":"J Heine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heine J, Pruss H, Bartsch T, Ploner CJ, Paul F, Finke C (2015) Imaging of autoimmune encephalitis\u2014relevance for clinical practice and hippocampal function. Neuroscience 309:68\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.05.037","journal-title":"Neuroscience"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10894-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10894-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10894-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T23:33:30Z","timestamp":1653003210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10894-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10894-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, Sophie Dupont states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the AP-HP according to the Declaration of Helsinki and authorized by the CNIL committee (No. 2020051517525).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Patients provided written informed consent for participation in the study and further publications.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}