{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:27:21Z","timestamp":1777674441523,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008055","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Eugenio Rodr\u00edguez Pascual","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10942-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:04:01Z","timestamp":1643328241000},"page":"3238-3248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Elevated glutamate and decreased glutamine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MELAS syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"269","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5114-5689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Paz","family":"Guerrero-Molina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3008-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Morales-Conejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2534-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aitor","family":"Delmiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-7189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mor\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5151-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Arranz-Canales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ramos-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2877-5049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4741-772X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8197-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez de la Aleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10942_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410160409","volume":"16","author":"SG Pavlakis","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pavlakis SG, Phillips PC, DiMauro S, De Vivo DC, Rowland LP (1984) Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes: a distinctive clinical syndrome. Ann Neurol 16(4):481\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410160409","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10942_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2015.06.004","volume":"116","author":"AW El-Hattab","year":"2015","unstructured":"El-Hattab AW, Adesina AM, Jones J, Scaglia F (2015) MELAS syndrome: clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment options. Mol Genet Metab 116(1\u20132):4\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ymgme.2015.06.004","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"10942_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00878873","volume":"242","author":"C Mariotti","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mariotti C, Savarese N, Suomalainen A et al (1995) Genotype to phenotype correlations in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies associated with the A3243G mutation of mitochondrial DNA. J Neurol 242:304\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00878873","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10942_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.6.4251","volume":"275","author":"T Yasukawa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yasukawa T, Suzuki T, Ueda T, Ohta S, Watanabe K (2000) Modification defect at anticodon wobble nucleotide of mitochondrial tRNAs(Leu)(UUR) with pathogenic mutations of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. J Biol Chem 275(6):4251\u20134257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.275.6.4251","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10942_CR5","first-page":"233","volume":"16","author":"M Castillo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Castillo M, Kwock L, Green C (1995) MELAS syndrome: imaging and proton MR spectroscopic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16(2):233\u2013239","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10942_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.03.015","volume":"1820","author":"S Yatsuga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yatsuga S, Povalko N, Nishioka J et al (2012) MELAS: a nationwide prospective cohort study of 96 patients in Japan. Biochim Biophys Acta 1820(5):619\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.03.015","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"10942_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3627","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws223","volume":"135","author":"C Tzoulis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tzoulis C, Bindoff LA (2012) Acute mitochondrial encephalopathy reflects neuronal energy failure irrespective of which genome the genetic defect affects. Brain 135(Pt 12):3627\u20133634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/aws223","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202052773544","volume":"2","author":"T Iizuka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iizuka T, Sakai F (2005) Pathogenesis of stroke-like episodes in MELAS: analysis of neurovascular cellular mechanisms. Curr Neurovasc Res 2(1):29\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567202052773544","journal-title":"Curr Neurovasc Res"},{"key":"10942_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00772-x","author":"S Tetsuka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tetsuka S, Ogawa T, Hashimoto R, Kato H (2021) Clinical features, pathogenesis, and management of stroke-like episodes due to MELAS. Metab Brain Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-021-00772-x","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10942_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy320","volume":"142","author":"F Chan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chan F, Lax NZ, Voss CM et al (2019) The role of astrocytes in seizure generation: insights from a novel in vitro seizure model based on mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain 142(2):391\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awy320","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"22","key":"10942_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10625","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.22.10625","volume":"91","author":"L Pellerin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pellerin L, Magistretti PJ (1994) Glutamate uptake into astrocytes stimulates aerobic glycolysis: a mechanism coupling neuronal activity to glucose utilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(22):10625\u201310629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.91.22.10625","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"15","key":"10942_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21444","volume":"85","author":"MC McKenna","year":"2007","unstructured":"McKenna MC (2007) The glutamate-glutamine cycle is not stoichiometric: fates of glutamate in brain. J Neurosci Res 85(15):3347\u20133358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.21444","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10942_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-02974-8","volume":"45","author":"MB Robinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robinson MB, Lee ML, DaSilva S (2020) Glutamate transporters and mitochondria: signaling, co-compartmentalization, functional coupling, and future directions. Neurochem Res 45(3):526\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-020-02974-8","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10942_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003019","volume":"87","author":"EE Benarroch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benarroch EE (2016) Astrocyte signaling and synaptic homeostasis: II: astrocyte-neuron interactions and clinical correlations. Neurology 87(7):726\u2013735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600343","volume":"27","author":"L Hertz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hertz L, Peng L, Dienel GA (2007) Energy metabolism in astrocytes: high rate of oxidative metabolism and spatiotemporal dependence on glycolysis\/glycogenolysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 27(2):219\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600343","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.03.015","volume":"212","author":"JC DiFrancesco","year":"2008","unstructured":"DiFrancesco JC, Cooper JM, Lam A et al (2008) MELAS mitochondrial DNA mutation A3243G reduces glutamate transport in cybrids cell lines. Exp Neurol 212(1):152\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.03.015","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10942_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.218S","volume":"136","author":"RA Hawkins","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hawkins RA, O\u2019Kane RL, Simpson IA, Vi\u00f1a JR (2006) Structure of the blood-brain barrier and its role in the transport of amino acids. J Nutr 136(1 Suppl):218S-S226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/136.1.218S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10942_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2008.172","volume":"16","author":"JJ Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez JJ, Olabarria M, Chvatal A, Verkhratsky A (2009) Astroglia in dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell Death Differ 16(3):378\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cdd.2008.172","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10942_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118754680","volume":"32","author":"J Olloquequi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olloquequi J, Cornejo-C\u00f3rdova E, Verdaguer E et al (2018) Excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of neurological and psychiatric disorders: therapeutic implications. J Psychopharmacol 32(3):265\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881118754680","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10942_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14068","volume":"27","author":"HL Moore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moore HL, Blain AP, Turnbull DM, Gorman GS (2020) Systematic review of cognitive deficits in adult mitochondrial disease. Eur J Neurol 27(1):3\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.14068","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10942_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.05.011","volume":"272","author":"J Finsterer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Finsterer J (2008) Cognitive decline as a manifestation of mitochondrial disorders (mitochondrial dementia). J Neurol Sci 272(1\u20132):20\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2008.05.011","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10942_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx130","volume":"140","author":"R Zielman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zielman R, Wijnen JP, Webb A et al (2017) Cortical glutamate in migraine. Brain 140(7):1859\u20131871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx130","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10942_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.11.018","volume":"109","author":"PD Parker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parker PD, Suryavanshi P, Melone M et al (2021) Non-canonical glutamate signaling in a genetic model of migraine with aura. Neuron 109(4):611-628.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.11.018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10942_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24673","volume":"80","author":"I \u00c7avu\u015f","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u00c7avu\u015f I, Romanyshyn JC, Kennard JT et al (2016) Elevated basal glutamate and unchanged glutamine and GABA in refractory epilepsy: microdialysis study of 79 patients at the yale epilepsy surgery program. Ann Neurol 80(1):35\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.24673","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10942_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16920","volume":"62","author":"C Ong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ong C, Damisah EC, Gruenbaum SE et al (2021) Increased branched-chain amino acids at baseline and hours before a spontaneous seizure in the human epileptic brain. Epilepsia 62(6):e88\u2013e97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/epi.16920","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10942_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12832","volume":"23","author":"S Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo S, Esserlind AL, Andersson Z et al (2016) Prevalence of migraine in persons with the 3243A>G mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Eur J Neurol 23(1):175\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.12832","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10942_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s007260070003","volume":"19","author":"P Saransaari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saransaari P, Oja SS (2000) Taurine and neural cell damage. Amino Acids 19(3\u20134):509\u2013526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007260070003","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"5","key":"10942_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.002","volume":"27","author":"Q Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen Q, Kirk K, Shurubor YI et al (2018) Rewiring of glutamine metabolism is a bioenergetic adaptation of human cells with mitochondrial DNA mutations. Cell Metab 27(5):1007-1025.e5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.002","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10942_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111564","volume":"10","author":"V Cruzat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P (2018) Glutamine: metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation. Nutrients 10(11):1564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10111564","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10942_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2017.09.011","volume":"47","author":"E Aubry","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aubry E, Aeberhard C, Bally L et al (2018) Are patients affected by mitochondrial disorders at nutritional risk? Nutrition 47:56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nut.2017.09.011","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 2","key":"10942_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1602S","volume":"137","author":"SM Morris Jr","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morris SM Jr (2007) Arginine metabolism: boundaries of our knowledge. J Nutr 137(6 Suppl 2):1602S-1609S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1602S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10942_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.05.007","volume":"98","author":"WE Bj\u00f8rn-Yoshimoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rn-Yoshimoto WE, Underhill SM (2016) The importance of the excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3). Neurochem Int 98:4\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.05.007","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10942_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.35001.x","volume":"43","author":"PB Crino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Crino PB, Jin H, Shumate MD, Robinson MB, Coulter DA, Brooks-Kayal AR (2002) Increased expression of the neuronal glutamate transporter (EAAT3\/EAAC1) in hippocampal and neocortical epilepsy. Epilepsia 43(3):211\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.35001.x","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10942_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-016-2057-z","volume":"42","author":"M Yudkoff","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yudkoff M (2017) Interactions in the metabolism of glutamate and the branched-chain amino acids and ketoacids in the CNS. Neurochem Res 42(1):10\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-016-2057-z","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10942_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1098-1136(199709)21:1<92::aid-glia10>3.0.co;2-w","volume":"21","author":"M Yudkoff","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yudkoff M (1997) Brain metabolism of branched-chain amino acids. Glia 21(1):92\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1098-1136(199709)21:1%3c92::aid-glia10%3e3.0.co;2-w","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"11","key":"10942_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-012-0898-7","volume":"37","author":"DL Rothman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rothman DL, De Feyter HM, Maciejewski PK, Behar KL (2012) Is there in vivo evidence for amino acid shuttles carrying ammonia from neurons to astrocytes? Neurochem Res 37(11):2597\u20132612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-012-0898-7","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10942_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.1.158","volume":"43","author":"A Hutchesson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hutchesson A, Preece MA, Gray G, Green A (1997) Measurement of lactate in cerebrospinal fluid in investigation of inherited metabolic disease. Clin Chem 43(1):158\u2013161","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10942_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2018.19","volume":"19","author":"PJ Magistretti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Magistretti PJ, Allaman I (2018) Lactate in the brain: from metabolic end-product to signalling molecule. Nat Rev Neurosci 19(4):235\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2018.19","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10942_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20319","volume":"79","author":"LK Bak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bak LK, Sickmann HM, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS (2005) Activity of the lactate-alanine shuttle is independent of glutamate-glutamine cycle activity in cerebellar neuronal-astrocytic cultures. J Neurosci Res 79(1\u20132):88\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jnr.20319","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10942_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.3.485","volume":"62","author":"T Otsuki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Otsuki T, Kanamatsu T, Tsukada Y, Goto Y, Okamoto K, Watanabe H (2005) Carbon 13-labeled magnetic resonance spectroscopy observation of cerebral glucose metabolism: metabolism in MELAS: case report. Arch Neurol 62(3):485\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.62.3.485","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10942_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2013.00028","volume":"7","author":"PF Ribeiro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ribeiro PF, Ventura-Antunes L, Gabi M et al (2013) The human cerebral cortex is neither one nor many: neuronal distribution reveals two quantitatively different zones in the gray matter, three in the white matter, and explains local variations in cortical folding. Front Neuroanat 7:28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnana.2013.00028","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10942_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/s0197-0186(03)00013-5","volume":"43","author":"J Xiang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xiang J, Ennis SR, Abdelkarim GE, Fujisawa M, Kawai N, Keep RF (2003) Glutamine transport at the blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Neurochem Int 43(4\u20135):279\u2013288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0197-0186(03)00013-5","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10942_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.129","volume":"34","author":"P Bagga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bagga P, Behar KL, Mason GF, De Feyter HM, Rothman DL, Patel AB (2014) Characterization of cerebral glutamine uptake from blood in the mouse brain: implications for metabolic modeling of 13C NMR data. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 34(10):1666\u20131672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.129","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10942-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10942-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10942-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T11:11:23Z","timestamp":1744197083000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10942-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10942-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the local ethics committee of University Hospital 12 de Octubre (Madrid, Spain; approval number: 20\/032) and was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki from April 2015 to January 2017.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All participants provided a written informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}