{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,12]],"date-time":"2026-07-12T03:03:57Z","timestamp":1783825437326,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Lydia Rabinowitsch grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lydia Rabinowitsch grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BIH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pallidal DBS is an established treatment for severe isolated dystonia.\u00a0However, its use in disabling and treatment-refractory tardive syndromes (TS) including tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia (TD) is less well investigated and long-term data remain sparse. This observational study evaluates long-term effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in patients with medically refractory TS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of seven TD patients with bilateral GPi-DBS. Involuntary movements, dystonia and disability were rated at long-term follow-up (LT-FU) after a mean of 122\u2009\u00b1\u200933.2 SD months (range 63\u2013171\u00a0months) and compared to baseline (BL), short-term (ST-FU; mean 6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0 SD months) and 4-year follow-up (4y-FU; mean 45\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3 SD months) using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and the Burke\u2013Fahn\u2013Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS), respectively. Quality of life and mood were evaluated using the SF36 and Beck Depression Index (BDI) questionnaires, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>At LT-FU patients had improved by 73%\u2009\u00b1\u200914.2 SD in involuntary movements and 90%\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 SD in dystonia. Mood had improved significantly whereas quality of life remained unchanged compared to baseline. No serious long-lasting stimulation-related adverse events (AEs) were observed. Three patients of this cohort presented without active stimulation and ongoing symptom relief at long-term follow-up after 3\u201310\u00a0years of continuous DBS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Pallidal DBS is a safe and effective long-term TD treatment. Even more interesting, three of our patients could stop stimulation after several years of DBS without serious relapse. Larger studies need to explore the phenomenon of ongoing symptom relief after DBS cessation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-10965-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T03:02:42Z","timestamp":1643252562000},"page":"3563-3568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Long-term effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation in tardive dystonia: a follow-up of 5\u201314\u00a0years"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"269","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9063-0556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"Krause","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kroneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doreen","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd-Helge","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea A.","family":"K\u00fchn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10965_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(13)70028-2","volume":"20","author":"CC Aquino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aquino CC, Lang AE (2014) Tardive dyskinesia syndromes: current concepts. 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P.K. received speaker\u00b4s honoraria from Medtronic. D.K. is a participant in the BIH-Charit\u00e9 Clinician Scientist Program funded by the Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin and the Berlin Institute of Health. D.G. has received honoraria for speaking from Medtronic, outside the submitted work. K.K.: none G.H.S. received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Abbott.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Our study has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}