{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T12:41:54Z","timestamp":1785847314253,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11263-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T08:03:07Z","timestamp":1657353787000},"page":"5954-5962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Limbic covariance network alterations in patients with transient global amnesia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"269","author":[{"given":"Jaeho","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Ah","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho-Joon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4229-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang Min","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"11263_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl105","volume":"129","author":"P Quinette","year":"2006","unstructured":"Quinette P (2006) What does transient global amnesia really mean? Review of the literature and thorough study of 142 cases. Brain 129(7):1640\u20131658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awl105","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"11263_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(09)70344-8","volume":"9","author":"T Bartsch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bartsch T, Deuschl G (2010) Transient global amnesia: functional anatomy and clinical implications. Lancet Neurol 9(2):205\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(09)70344-8","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9125","key":"11263_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(98)01442-1","volume":"352","author":"SL Lewis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lewis SL (1998) Aetiology of transient global amnesia. The Lancet 352(9125):397\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(98)01442-1","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"11263_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(05)70121-6","volume":"4","author":"K Sander","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sander K, Sander D (2005) New insights into transient global amnesia: recent imaging and clinical findings. Lancet Neurol 4(7):437\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(05)70121-6","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11263_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01658-8","volume":"20","author":"R Tynas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tynas R, Panegyres PK (2020) Factors determining recurrence in transient global amnesia. BMC Neurol 20(1):83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-020-01658-8","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11263_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000130504.88404.c9","volume":"62","author":"O Sedlaczek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sedlaczek O, Hirsch JG, Grips E, Peters CN, Gass A, Wohrle J, Hennerici M (2004) Detection of delayed focal MR changes in the lateral hippocampus in transient global amnesia. Neurology 62(12):2165\u20132170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000130504.88404.c9","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"11263_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1105","volume":"29","author":"YC Weon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weon YC, Kim JH, Lee JS, Kim SY (2008) Optimal diffusion-weighted imaging protocol for lesion detection in transient global amnesia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 29(7):1324\u20131328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A1105","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11263_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2008.4.2.59","volume":"4","author":"Y Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang Y, Kim S, Kim JH (2008) Ischemic evidence of transient global amnesia: location of the lesion in the hippocampus. J Clin Neurol 4(2):59\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2008.4.2.59","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"11263_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2874","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl248","volume":"129","author":"T Bartsch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bartsch T, Alfke K, Stingele R, Rohr A, Freitag-Wolf S, Jansen O, Deuschl G (2006) Selective affection of hippocampal CA-1 neurons in patients with transient global amnesia without long-term sequelae. Brain 129(11):2874\u20132884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awl248","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"11","key":"11263_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.41.11.1748","volume":"41","author":"G Goldenberg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goldenberg G, Podreka I, Pfaffelmeyer N, Wessely P, Deecke L (1991) Thalamic ischemia in transient global amnesia: a SPECT study. Neurology 41(11):1748\u20131752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.41.11.1748","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"11263_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-199301000-00011","volume":"18","author":"H Matsuda","year":"1993","unstructured":"Matsuda H, Higashi S, Tsuji S, Sumiya H, Miyauchi T, Hisada K, Yamashita J (1993) High resolution Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in a patient with transient global amnesia. Clin Nucl Med 18(1):46\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003072-199301000-00011","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"11263_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2009.5.2.74","volume":"5","author":"Y Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang Y, Kim JS, Kim S, Kim YK, Kwak YT, Han IW (2009) Cerebellar hypoperfusion during transient global amnesia: an MRI and oculographic study. J Clin Neurol 5(2):74\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3988\/jcn.2009.5.2.74","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"11263_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000496511","volume":"80","author":"KM Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park KM, Lee BI, Kim SE (2018) Is transient global amnesia a network disease? Eur Neurol 80(5\u20136):345\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000496511","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"11263_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118610","volume":"244","author":"DN Greve","year":"2021","unstructured":"Greve DN, Billot B, Cordero D, Hoopes A, Hoffmann M, Dalca AV, Fischl B, Iglesias JE, Augustinack JC (2021) A deep learning toolbox for automatic segmentation of subcortical limbic structures from MRI images. Neuroimage 244:118610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118610","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"10","key":"11263_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.53.10.834","volume":"53","author":"JR Hodges","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hodges JR, Warlow CP (1990) Syndromes of transient amnesia: towards a classification. A study of 153 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 53(10):834\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.53.10.834","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"11263_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178798","volume":"12","author":"M Mijalkov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mijalkov M, Kakaei E, Pereira JB, Westman E, Volpe G, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging I (2017) BRAPH: a graph theory software for the analysis of brain connectivity. PLoS ONE 12(8):e0178798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178798","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"11263_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22057","volume":"6","author":"SF Muldoon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muldoon SF, Bridgeford EW, Bassett DS (2016) Small-world propensity and weighted brain networks. Sci Rep 6(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"11263_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2014.0308","volume":"5","author":"J Song","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song J, Nair VA, Gaggl W, Prabhakaran V (2015) Disrupted brain functional organization in epilepsy revealed by graph theory analysis. Brain Connect 5(5):276\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/brain.2014.0308","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"11263_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.06.005","volume":"50","author":"BC Bernhardt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bernhardt BC, Bonilha L, Gross DW (2015) Network analysis for a network disorder: the emerging role of graph theory in the study of epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 50:162\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yebeh.2015.06.005","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"11263_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00585","volume":"13","author":"FV Farahani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farahani FV, Karwowski W, Lighthall NR (2019) Application of graph theory for identifying connectivity patterns in human brain networks: a systematic review. Front Neurosci 13:585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.00585","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"11263_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.07.001","volume":"37","author":"M Catani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Catani M, Dell\u2019acqua F, Thiebaut de Schotten M (2013) A revised limbic system model for memory, emotion and behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37(8):1724\u20131737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.07.001","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"11263_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.66.2.148","volume":"66","author":"F Eustache","year":"1999","unstructured":"Eustache F, Desgranges B, Laville P, Guillery B, Lalevee C, Schaeffer S, de la Sayette V, Iglesias S, Baron JC, Viader F (1999) Episodic memory in transient global amnesia: encoding, storage, or retrieval deficit? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 66(2):148\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.66.2.148","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"11263_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.11.017","volume":"22","author":"KM Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park KM, Han YH, Kim TH, Mun CW, Shin KJ, Ha SY, Park J, Kim SE (2015) Pre-existing structural abnormalities of the limbic system in transient global amnesia. J Clin Neurosci 22(5):843\u2013847. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2014.11.017","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"11263_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)00008-8","volume":"169","author":"JG Howland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Howland JG, Wang YT (2008) Synaptic plasticity in learning and memory: stress effects in the hippocampus. Prog Brain Res 169:145\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)00008-8","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"11263_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4810629","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4810629","volume":"2019","author":"L Chau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chau L, Liu A (2019) Transient global amnesia as the sole presentation of an acute stroke in the left cingulate gyrus. Case Rep Neurol Med 2019:4810629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/4810629","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol Med"},{"key":"11263_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00291","volume":"5","author":"M Gupta","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gupta M, Kantor MA, Tung CE, Zhang N, Albers GW (2014) Transient global amnesia associated with a unilateral infarction of the fornix: case report and review of the literature. Front Neurol 5:291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2014.00291","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"11263_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2018.20.2\/osporns","volume":"20","author":"O Sporns","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sporns O (2018) Graph theory methods: applications in brain networks. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 20(2):111\u2013121","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"11263_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.a6530","volume":"41","author":"J Hodel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hodel J, Leclerc X, Zuber M, Gerber S, Besson P, Marcaud V, Roubeau V, Brasme H, Ganzoui I, Ducreux D, Pruvo JP, Bertoux M, Zins M, Lopes R (2020) Structural connectivity and cortical thickness alterations in transient global amnesia. Am J Neuroradiol 41(5):798\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.a6530","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"11263_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2575","volume":"10","author":"E Bullmore","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bullmore E, Sporns O (2009) Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems. Nat Rev Neurosci 10(3):186\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2575","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"11263_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1177\/0301006616658307","volume":"45","author":"B Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang B, Zhao J, Wu Z, Shang W, Xiang J, Cao R, Li H, Chen J, Zhang H, Yan T (2016) Eccentricity effects on the efficiency of attentional networks: evidence from a modified attention network test. Perception 45(12):1375\u20131386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0301006616658307","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"11263_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0381-4-10","author":"GA Pavlopoulos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pavlopoulos GA, Secrier M, Moschopoulos CN, Soldatos TG, Kossida S, Aerts J, Schneider R, Bagos PG (2011) Using graph theory to analyze biological networks. Biodata Min. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0381-4-10","journal-title":"Biodata Min"},{"issue":"4","key":"11263_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0037(199912)34:4<312::AID-NET11>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"34","author":"P Dankelmann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dankelmann P, Goddard W, Henning MA, Swart HC (1999) Generalized eccentricity, radius, and diameter in graphs. Networks 34(4):312\u2013319","journal-title":"Networks"},{"issue":"5","key":"11263_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13490","volume":"144","author":"J Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim J, Lee DA, Kim HC, Lee HJ, Park KM (2021) Brain networks in patients with isolated or recurrent transient global amnesia. Acta Neurol Scand 144(5):465\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ane.13490","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"11263_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09518-3","volume":"268","author":"UK Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel UK, Anwar A, Saleem S, Malik P, Rasul B, Patel K, Yao R, Seshadri A, Yousufuddin M, Arumaithurai K (2021) Artificial intelligence as an emerging technology in the current care of neurological disorders. J Neurol 268(5):1623\u20131642","journal-title":"J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11263-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11263-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11263-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,11]],"date-time":"2022-10-11T12:06:32Z","timestamp":1665489992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11263-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["11263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-022-11263-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Neither of the authors has any conflict of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This protocol was approved and carried out in accordance with the recommendation of the local Institutional Review Board (<i>Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea<\/i>).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}]}}