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Mean peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and ganglion cell\/inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) volume were measured. In PwMS disability was quantified with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Associations between OCT, MRI, and clinical measures were investigated with multivariable regression models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In PwMS, pRNFL and GCIPL were associated with the volume of whole brain (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.04), total gray matter (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.002), thalamus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.04), and cerebral cortex (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.003) \u2013both globally and regionally\u2013, but not white matter. pRNFL and GCIPL were also inversely associated with T2-lesion volume (T2LV), especially in the optic radiations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The brain volumes associated with EDSS and SDMT significantly overlapped with those correlating with pRNFL and GCIPL.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In PwMS, pRNFL and GCIPL reflect the integrity of clinically-relevant gray matter structures, underling the value of OCT measures as markers of neurodegeneration and disability in multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11535-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T15:46:49Z","timestamp":1673365609000},"page":"2139-2148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Optical coherence tomography reflects clinically relevant gray matter damage in patients with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"270","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7703-0553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cagol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria Cerd\u00e1","family":"Fuertes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Stoessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhamed","family":"Barakovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Schaedelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"W\u00fcrfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander U.","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Kappos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Sprenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Naegelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Kuhle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Granziera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0367-1008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athina","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"11535_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thompson AJ, Baranzini SE, Geurts J, Hemmer B, Ciccarelli O. 2018 Multiple sclerosis, The Lancet. 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Nuria Cerd\u00e1 Fuertes has nothing to disclose. Mark St\u00f6ssel has nothing to disclose. Muhamed Barakovic is an employee of Hays plc and a consultant for F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Sabine Schaedelin has nothing to disclose. Marcus D\u2019Souza is CEO of Neurostatus-UHB Ltd. He has received travel support from Bayer AG, Biogen, Teva Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi Genzyme and research support from the University Hospital Basel. Jens W\u00fcrfel is currently an employee of F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. He served on scientific advisory boards of Actelion, Biogen, Genzyme-Sanofi, Novartis, and Roche. He is or was supported by grants of the EU (Horizon2020), German Federal Ministeries of Education and Research (BMBF) and of Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWI). Alexander Ulrich Brandt is cofounder and shareholder of technology startups Motognosis and Nocturne UG. He is named as inventor on several patent applications describing MS serum biomarkers, perceptive visual computing and retinal image analysis. Ludwig Kappos: Institutional research support: steering committee, advisory board, consultancy fees: Actelion, Bayer HealthCare, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genzyme, Janssen, Japan Tobacco, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Santhera, Shionogi, and TG Therapeutics, speaker fees: Bayer HealthCare, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi; support of educational activities: Allergan, Bayer HealthCare, Biogen, CSL Behring, Desitin, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Pfizer, Sanofi, Shire, and Teva; license fees for Neurostatus products; and grants: Bayer HealthCare, Biogen, European Union, Innosuisse, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Swiss MS Society, and Swiss National Research Foundation. Till Sprenger: Grants from EFIC-Gr\u00fcnenthal, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Switzerland, the Swiss MS Society, and the Swiss National Research Foundation. Institution received payments for steering committee\/consultation and speaking activities from Actelion, Biogen Idec, Bristol Myers Squibb, Electrocore, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck Serono, Mitsubishi Pharma, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, and Teva. Yvonne Naegelin\u2019s employer, the University Hospital Basel, received payments for lecturing from Celgene GmbH and Teva Pharma AG that were exclusively used for research support, not related to this study. Jens Kuhle received speaker fees, research support, travel support, and\/or served on advisory boards by Swiss MS Society, Swiss National Research Foundation (320030_189140\/1), University of Basel, Progressive MS Alliance, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Merck, Novartis, Octave Bioscience, Roche, Sanofi. Cristina Granziera: The University Hospital Basel (USB), as the employer of C.G., has received the following fees which were used exclusively for research support: (i) advisory board and consultancy fees from Actelion, Genzyme-Sanofi, Novartis, GeNeuro and Roche; (ii) speaker fees from Genzyme-Sanofi, Novartis, GeNeuro and Roche; (iii) research support from Siemens, GeNeuro, Roche. The University of Basel (USB), as the employer of\u00a0Athina Papadopoulou has received speaker-fees from Sanofi-Genzyme, Eli Lilly and Teva\u00a0and fees for advisory boards (Lundbeck Schweiz AG, AbbVie AG). Athina Papadopoulou has received\u00a0travel support from Bayer AG, Teva, Lilly and F. Hoffmann-La Roche. Her research was\/is being supported by the University and the University Hospital of Basel, the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Society, the \u2018Stiftung zur F\u00f6rderung der gastroenterologischen und allgemeinen klinischen Forschung sowie der medizinischen Bildauswertung\u2019, the \"Freie Akademische Gesellschaft\" Basel and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Project number: P300PB_174480).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}