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This study aimed to explore structural cortical differences between ET and rET, to improve the knowledge of these tremor syndromes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-three ET patients, 30 rET patients and 45 control subjects (HC) were enrolled. Several MR morphometric variables (thickness, surface area, volume, roughness, mean curvature) of brain cortical regions were extracted using Freesurfer on T1-weighted images and compared among groups. The performance of a machine learning approach (XGBoost) using the extracted morphometric features was tested in discriminating between ET and rET patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>rET patients showed increased roughness and mean curvature in some fronto-temporal areas compared with HC and ET, and these metrics significantly correlated with cognitive scores. Cortical volume in the left pars opercularis was also lower in rET than in ET patients. No differences were found between ET and HC. XGBoost discriminated between rET and ET with mean AUC of 0.86\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11 in cross-validation analysis, using a model based on cortical volume. Cortical volume in the left pars opercularis was the most informative feature for classification between the two ET groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study demonstrated higher cortical involvement in fronto-temporal areas in rET than in ET patients, which may be linked to the cognitive status. A machine learning approach based on MR volumetric data demonstrated that these two ET subtypes can be distinguished using structural cortical features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11747-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T11:01:53Z","timestamp":1683284513000},"page":"4004-4012","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cortical involvement in essential tremor with and without rest tremor: a machine learning study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"270","author":[{"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Bianco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Sarica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Aracri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Calomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Eugenia","family":"Caligiuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Novellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Nistic\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanda","family":"Buonocore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Cras\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2001-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aldo","family":"Quattrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"11747_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22838","volume":"25","author":"ED Louis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Louis ED, Ferreira JJ (2010) How common is the most common adult movement disorder? 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Eur Radiol 29:6634\u20136642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-019-06267-9","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-023-11747-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-023-11747-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-023-11747-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T09:06:35Z","timestamp":1689239195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-023-11747-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["11747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-023-11747-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 April 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All patients in our study gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Approval of our study was obtained from the ethics committee of Magna Graecia University review board, Catanzaro, Italy. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publication"}}]}}