{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:22:19Z","timestamp":1786980139581,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University","award":["NO.202203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.202203"]}]},{"name":"the Clinical Climbing Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University","award":["NO.YYZS2020022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.YYZS2020022"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.82160420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.82160420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Guangxi Province Health Committee self-funded project","award":["No. Z20210494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. Z20210494"]}]},{"name":"\u201cMedical Excellence Award\u201d Funded by the Creative Research Development Grant from the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to summarize the clinical features of Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytosis mimicking tuberculosis meningitis to improve clinicians\u2019 understanding of this disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid results, and imaging data of five patients with Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytosis mimicking tuberculous meningitis who were admitted to Xiangya Hospital Central South University between October 2021 and July 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five patients were aged 31\u201359\u00a0years, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1. Among the cases reviewed, four had a history of prodromal infections manifesting as fever and headache. One patient developed limb weakness and numbness with clinical manifestations of meningitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis, or meningomyelitis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an increased cell count in five cases, with a lymphocyte majority. All five cases had a CSF protein level\u2009&gt;\u20091.0\u00a0g\/L, CSF\/blood glucose ratio\u2009&lt;\u20090.5, and two patients had CSF glucose\u2009&lt;\u20092.2\u00a0mmol\/L. Decreased CSF chloride was observed in three cases, while increased ADA was observed in one case. Both serum and cerebrospinal fluid were positive for anti-GFAP antibodies in three cases, while in two cases, only CSF was positive for anti-GFAP antibodies. Additionally, hyponatremia and hypochloremia were observed in three cases. No tumors were detected in any of the five patients during tumor screening, and all five cases had a good prognosis following immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-GFAP antibody testing should be routinely performed in patients with suspected tuberculosis meningitis to avoid misdiagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11818-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T09:02:23Z","timestamp":1687251743000},"page":"4860-4867","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytosis mimicking tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"270","author":[{"given":"Yingfang","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gangqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bixun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"11818_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.2549","volume":"73","author":"B Fang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fang B et al (2016) Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a novel meningoencephalomyelitis. 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The patients\/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}